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Verbale Konstruktionen auf dem Weg wohin? peut-être, maybe, scheints
(2018)
- In Beispielen wie (1) Du hast scheints / Weiß Gott nichts begriffen. (2) It cost £200, give or take. (3) Qu’est ce qu’il a dit? werden verbale Konstruktionen (kurz: VK, hier jeweils die fett gesetzten Teile) in einer Weise gebraucht, die der Grammatik verbaler Konstruktionen zuwiderläuft. In (1) und (2) wird die verbale Konstruktion wie ein Adverb/eine Partikel gebraucht bzw. wie ein Ausdruck in der Funktion eines (adverbialen) Adjunkts/ Supplements. In (3) ist die verbale Konstruktion zum Bestandteil einer periphrastischen interrogativen Konstruktion geworden. Wie sind solche ‘Umfunktionalisierungen’ – wie ich das Phänomen zunächst vortheoretisch bezeichnen möchte – einzuordnen? Handelt es sich um Lexikalisierung oder um Grammatikalisierung? Oder um ein Phänomen der dritten Art? Die Umfunktionalisierung verbaler Syntagmen bzw. Konstruktionen – ich gebrauche die Abkürzung UVK für ‘umfunktionalisierte verbale Konstruktion(en)’ – ist ein bisher weniger gut untersuchtes Phänomen, etwa gegenüber der Umfunktionalisierung von Präpositionalphrasen, die sprachübergreifend zu komplexen, „sekundären“ Präpositionen werden können (man vergleiche DEU auf Grund + Genitiv / von, ENG on top of, FRA à cause de).
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Introducing a lexicon of verbal polarity shifters for English
(2018)
- The sentiment polarity of a phrase does not only depend on the polarities of its words, but also on how these are affected by their context. Negation words (e.g. not, no, never) can change the polarity of a phrase. Similarly, verbs and other content words can also act as polarity shifters (e.g. fail, deny, alleviate). While individually more sparse, they are far more numerous. Among verbs alone, there are more than 1200 shifters. However, sentiment analysis systems barely consider polarity shifters other than negation words. A major reason for this is the scarcity of lexicons and corpora that provide information on them. We introduce a lexicon of verbal polarity shifters that covers the entirety of verbs found in WordNet. We provide a fine-grained annotation of individual word senses, as well as information for each verbal shifter on the syntactic scopes that it can affect.
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Fröhliche Ökumene: die Grammatiktheorie in Bielefeld
(1997)
- Der grammatiktheoretische Anteil des Linguistikstudiums und die damit verbundenen Forschungsfelder in verschiedenen Anwendungsgebieten sind heute an vielen Universitäten "ökumenisch" ausgerichtet. Das soll heißen, dass man sich - als Studierender wie als Wissenschaftler - nicht auf eine theoretische Schule einschwören muss, sondern mit verschiedenen Ansätzen experimentieren kann.
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Building a morphological treebank for German from a linguistic database
(2018)
- German is a language with complex morphological processes. Its long and often ambiguous word forms present a bottleneck problem in natural language processing. As a step towards morphological analyses of high quality, this paper introduces a morphological treebank for German. It is derived from the linguistic database CELEX which is a standard resource for German morphology. We build on its refurbished, modernized and partially revised version. The derivation of the morphological trees is not trivial, especially for such cases of conversions which are morpho-semantically opaque and merely of diachronic interest. We develop solutions and present exemplary analyses. The resulting database comprises about 40,000 morphological trees of a German base vocabulary whose format and grade of detail can be chosen according to the requirements of the applications. The Perl scripts for the generation of the treebank are publicly available on github. In our discussion, we show some future directions for morphological treebanks. In particular, we aim at the combination with other reliable lexical resources such as GermaNet.
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Disambiguation of verbal shifters
(2018)
- Negation is an important contextual phenomenon that needs to be addressed in sentiment analysis. Next to common negation function words, such as not or none, there is also a considerably large class of negation content words, also referred to as shifters, such as the verbs diminish, reduce or reverse. However, many of these shifters are ambiguous. For instance, spoil as in spoil your chance reverses the polarity of the positive polar expression chance while in spoil your loved ones, no negation takes place. We present a supervised learning approach to disambiguating verbal shifters. Our approach takes into consideration various features, particularly generalization features.
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Introducing the CLARIN knowledge centre for linguistic diversity and language documentation
(2018)
- The European digital research infrastructure CLARIN (Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure) is building a Knowledge Sharing Infrastructure (KSI) to ensure that existing knowledge and expertise is easily available both for the CLARIN community and for the humanities research communities for which CLARIN is being developed. Within the Knowledge Sharing Infrastructure, so called Knowledge Centres comprise one or more physical institutions with particular expertise in certain areas and are committed to providing their expertise in the form of reliable knowledge-sharing services. In this paper, we present the ninth K Centre – the CLARIN Knowledge Centre for Linguistic Diversity and Language Documentation (CKLD) – and the expertise and services provided by the member institutions at the Universities of London (ELAR/SWLI), Cologne (DCH/IfDH/IfL) and Hamburg (HZSK/INEL). The centre offers information on current best practices, available resources and tools, and gives advice on technological and methodological matters for researchers working within relevant fields.