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Die vorliegenden Ausführungen umreißen den theoretischen Rahmen des Forschungsprogramms „Sprache und Pragmatik“, das sich zum Ziel setzt, die Beziehung zwischen Grammatik und Pragmatik im Bereich der Textstrukturierung zu explizieren. Es soll einerseits gezeigt werden, von welchen theoretischen Bausteinen man auszugehen hat und wie diese zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen sind; andererseits sind einige der wichtigeren Problemkomplexe zu skizzieren, die sich aus der Zielsetzung des Programms ergeben. Die beiden Hauptabschnitte behandeln deshalb das kommunikative Potential des Satzes und die dafür verantwortlichen Systeme und daran anschließend die Textstrukturierungsprinzipien. Ausgangspunkt sind die zwei grundlegenden Annahmen des Programms, (a) daß das Verhältnis von Grammatik und Pragmatik modular ist, und (b) daß relevante Teile der sogenannten „Pragmatik“ zu den sprachlichen Kenntnissystemen gehören.
Illokutive Handlungen
(1987)
This paper critically examines some recent performativist conceptions of analysing and describing interpretation of explicit performatives. In an alternative constativist approach the paper tries to determine the illocutionary point of explicit performatives on the basis of sentence mood, lexical information (i.e. the meaning of the speech act verb), utterance meaning, speaker’s authority, and some general principles of social behaviour.
What the speaker means in uttering a linguistic expression of a certain language in an actual communicative context can be described as the meaning of that expression in the given context plus its function with respect to an intended reaction of the hearer to whom the utterance is addressed. In our approach we refer to these aspects of the interpretation of linguistic utterances with utterance meaning and communicative (interactional) function of the utterance respectively. Together they are called the communicative sense of an utterance. The latter concept is analyzed in detail. It presupposes a proper concept of action of a speaker and assumptions on the general relations between meaning of linguistic expressions and intentions of the speaker as fundamental components of the concept “action of a speaker”. The linguistic expression pertaining to an utterance may be a sentence or a more complex linguistic structure, i.e. a text. A text is considered as a structure of illocutions, i.e. of elementary actions of a speaker. The communicative sense of a structure of illocutions is understood as the result of an interaction of the communicative sense of the single illocutions, constituting that structure.