Lexicographica : series maior
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26
Ungeachtet der seit einem Jahrzehnt florierenden wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit Problemen der Lexikographie, für die dieses Symposium ein weiteres Zeugnis ist, sind Auskünfte und Berichte über konkrete Wörterbuchpläne noch immer selten. Dabei sind solcherart Informationen nicht nur von ganz natürlichem Interesse für alle praktisch oder/und theoretisch mit dem Gegenstand Wörterbuch Befassten, sondern es bietet sich auch - besonders, wenn sie auf Diskussionsforen wie diesem vorgestellt werden - die einzigartige Möglichkeit der Rückkopplung noch vor Beginn der eigentlichen Erarbeitung bzw. in deren Anfangsphase. Dadurch, daß die zurückkommenden kritischen Bemerkungen und sonstigen Anregungen in die abschließenden Überlegungen zum betreffenden Wörterbuchplan einbezogen werden, kann sich das frühzeitige Offenlegen des Planes vor einem kompetenten Publikum durchaus auch für das Projekt selbst als nützlich erweisen.
Mit diesem doppelten Ziel - Informationsvermittlung und entsprechendes Feedback - wollen wir im Folgenden skizzenhaft den Plan eines Wörterbuches vorstellen, das in den nächsten Jahren am Zentralinstitut für Sprachwissenschaft der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR erarbeitet werden wird. Dem Thema des Beitrages entsprechend werden drei Schwerpunkte gesetzt:
1. werden der Charakter und die spezifische Funktion des geplanten Wörterbuches Umrissen, 2. sollen die daraus erwachsenden Grundsätze seiner inhaltlichen Gestaltung und 3- schließlich solche der formal-lexikographischen Umsetzung erläutert werden; zur Illustration dienen Musterartikel zur Wortfamilie Disko (4.).
34
The following is based on the idea that the function and presentation especially of quoted examples in the DWB as in lexicography in general is in large part determined by traditional lexicographic and non-lexicographic concepts of "example". This requires a methodological approach which is diachronic and hermeneutic instead of an approach which is synchronic and typological, therefore it seems not to be appropriate to base the analysis of the role and function of DWB examples on a typology (of examples) which was created for some modern dictionaries.
At first I present the history of five "functional aspects" of examples, then I show how each aspect was treated by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm during the planning of their dictionary. The first functional aspect was taken from the imitatio tradition which has been practiced at least since renaissance dictionaries. The second appears to have conceptual connexion with the (new)platonic image ("Urbild") which is inherent in utterances as well as in all objects of the material world. The third aspect concerning the illustratio tradition was developed by the enlightenment philosophy and it is the only one which was rejected by the Grimms, but became more and more the leading idea behind lexicographic practice in later periods of the DWB. The fourth aspect concerns examples as quotations to support (to prove) the statements made by the word explanations. It traditionally refers to philological principles and dominated esp. the second period of the DWB. According to the fifth functional aspect quotations are the basic material for semantic analysis before becoming examples. This aspect was more or less ignored, but it caused some of the main methodological problems in handling the enormous material after 1912.
I then show how Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm's original concept was partially retained and partially changed by later lexicographers, and how in practical work the more or less theoretical, idealistic concepts were transformed and reduced to two main functions: show and prove. Finally some light is shed on the reception of the examples in the DWB, i.e. the way readers have used them and how they can be used today.
34
In this article the treatment of the first two volumes of the Grimms' Deutsches Wörterbuch, i.e. volume I (A - Affrikata: revised by the Berlin working group) and volume VI (D: revised by the Göttingen group) are compared.
Section 1 of the article outlines the genesis of the revision of volumes I and VI.
Section 2 summarizes the theoretical concept of the revised edition and its translation into the structure of the dictionary entries. The conceptual principles which were laid down for both groups, i.e. Berlin and Göttingen, as largely binding are briefly outlined. It becomes apparent that especially as far as the delineation of the historical changes in the meaning of the words is concerned, the lexicographical revision is based on the just slightly modified concept of the last working phase of the DWB (=Grimms' German Dictionary) between 1930 and 1960. The macro- and micro-structural differences between the revised edition and its predecessor are outlined.
Section 3, analyzing selected articles on the basis of the common lexicographical denominator sketched in Section 2, details the differences in lexicographical treatment between the two groups.
In Section 4 the most important results of this selective analysis are summarized and evaluated. Some more general problems of historical lexicography are shortly mentioned in the process.