Lexicographica : series maior
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135
This paper shows how a corpus-driven approach leads to a new perspective on central issues of phraseology and on lexicographical applications. It argues that a data-driven pattem search (applying Statistical methods), an a posteriori interpretation of the data and a user oriented documentation of the usage of multi-word units (e. g. in lexicographical articles) constitute a step-by-step process where each step has its own informational value and useflilness. The description of multi-word units (Usuelle Wortverbindungen) presented in this paper focuses on the second Step, the high quality analysis and interpretation of collocation data, exemplified by the fields of multi-word units centered around the word formslIdee/Ideenl(idea/ideas).
107
In diesem Beitrag werden erste Erfahrungen mit und Überlegungen zu der Aufgabe dargelegt, ein Mikrostrukturenprogramm für ein Hypertext-Wörterbuch zu entwerfen. Zur Hypertextualisierung gedruckter Wörterbücher gibt es inzwischen erste Veröffentlichungen; meist bleibt hier die Bindung an eine gedruckte Vorlage, und sei die Hypertextualisierung noch so konsequent, bestehen. Im Unterschied zu solchen Hypertext-Wörterbüchern gehen nachfolgende Überlegungen von einem vorlagenunabhängigen Hypertext aus, dessen allgemeines Ziel es ist, Informationen zum deutschen Wortschatz zu vermitteln. Die hier vorgestellten Erfahrungen und Überlegungen sind an ein konkretes Projekt gebunden: LEKSIS - das lexikalisch-lexikologische Informationssystem des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim. Auf eine (weitere) Projektbeschreibung wird hier aber verzichtet; sie findet sich in Fraas/Haß-Zumkehr (1999), ferner auf der Homepage unter http://www.ids-mannheim.de/wiw. Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Projektes stehen die Bedingungen bzw. lexikografischen Konsequenzen des Mediums Hypertext im Unterschied zum Druck zur Diskussion.
34
The following is based on the idea that the function and presentation especially of quoted examples in the DWB as in lexicography in general is in large part determined by traditional lexicographic and non-lexicographic concepts of "example". This requires a methodological approach which is diachronic and hermeneutic instead of an approach which is synchronic and typological, therefore it seems not to be appropriate to base the analysis of the role and function of DWB examples on a typology (of examples) which was created for some modern dictionaries.
At first I present the history of five "functional aspects" of examples, then I show how each aspect was treated by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm during the planning of their dictionary. The first functional aspect was taken from the imitatio tradition which has been practiced at least since renaissance dictionaries. The second appears to have conceptual connexion with the (new)platonic image ("Urbild") which is inherent in utterances as well as in all objects of the material world. The third aspect concerning the illustratio tradition was developed by the enlightenment philosophy and it is the only one which was rejected by the Grimms, but became more and more the leading idea behind lexicographic practice in later periods of the DWB. The fourth aspect concerns examples as quotations to support (to prove) the statements made by the word explanations. It traditionally refers to philological principles and dominated esp. the second period of the DWB. According to the fifth functional aspect quotations are the basic material for semantic analysis before becoming examples. This aspect was more or less ignored, but it caused some of the main methodological problems in handling the enormous material after 1912.
I then show how Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm's original concept was partially retained and partially changed by later lexicographers, and how in practical work the more or less theoretical, idealistic concepts were transformed and reduced to two main functions: show and prove. Finally some light is shed on the reception of the examples in the DWB, i.e. the way readers have used them and how they can be used today.
152
This survey describes the practice of dictionary criticism in German philological periodicals. It focuses on reviews of general dictionaries of contemporary German as well as of historical dictionaries of German. Our results show that only a few reference works are reviewed by only a small group of reviewers, and different volumes of dictionaries are not necessarily reviewed systematically. On the criteria for the selection of the reviewed dictionaries one can only speculate. All in all, this rather unsystematic review practice can be interpreted as a disregard of the work of lexicographers, as a neglect of the interests of potential dictionary users, and as a sad disinterest of philologists in lexicographic work.
152
The following article gives an overview on common evaluation methods that are used in reviews of bilingual dictionaries published in learned journals. Based on a corpus containing 50 reviews of printed general bilingual dictionaries for textrelated purposes with German, English or French as one of the languages, this case study is aimed at drawing a list of requirements for writing such reviews. A critical analysis of the text corpus shows which features of the reviewed dictionaries are evaluated and in which way this evaluation happens. The resulting list of requirements presents some of the principles for writing reviews of bilingual dictionaries and recommends appropriate evaluation methods for future reviews.