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Before modification of their GOAL prepositional phrase by a directional adverb makes them so, prepositional particle verb structures in German like UMschreiben ‘rewrite’ or DURCHweben ‘weave through’ serve to derive in an applicative diathesis prepositional prefix verb structures like umSCHREIBen ‘circumscribe’ or durchWEBen ‘interweave’ (where capitals signal word accent). The diathesis creates an extra inner predication structure (Basilico 1998), introducing a GOTH subject of predication and grammatical object that binds in a reflexive-like (lambda-)relation the original GOAL and THEME. The predication counters an offending asymmetry in the coupling of semantic roles and grammatical functions. In the particle verb case, the offense is redressed externally, via upcycling of a feature that remains locally uninterpretable due to the violation of harmonic linking.
In diesem Beitrag wird die Geschichte der Endung -in nachgezeichnet, die im Deutschen zur Bildung von weiblichen Personenbezeichnungen äußerst frequent ist. Nach einer kurzen Abgrenzung des Gegenstands und der Verortung innerhalb der Personenbezeichnungen des Deutschen wird zunächst in die Vergangenheit, dann in die Gegenwart und schließlich ein wenig in die Zukunft geblickt. Dabei geht es um die Entstehung von -in, die Funktion der Endung in vergangenen Jahrhunderten und ihren Funktionswandel in neuerer Zeit, wobei auch gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen eine Rolle spielen.
The present Special Issue features a selection of papers presented at the 10th International Contrastive Linguistics Conference (ICLC-10), held from 18 to 21 July 2023 in Mannheim, Germany (https://iclc10.ids-mannheim.de). The aim of the ICLC conference series, running since 1998, is to promote fine-grained cross-linguistic research comprising two or more languages from a broad range of theoretical and methodological perspectives.
The collection of articles included in this Special Issue of Languages in Contrast addresses central questions in the contrastive study of selected linguistic constructions as objects of investigation, equivalents to other linguistic expressions, or as diagnostics. In particular, these constructions and the related issues include: future constructions and the role of syntactic complexity in their usage; classifier and quantifier constructions as environments for distinguishing mass versus count nouns; external possession constructions with their case features, grammatical functions, distribution and semantic properties; embedded exclamative constructions as structures whose conventional meaning is claimed to be projected by their matrix clause; existential and presentational constructions and the differences between them in negative contexts; as well as converbs and their range of uses (also including a diachronic perspective).
The studies of these constructions take a variety of language pairs into account, including typologically close as well as distant languages, and in some cases, the contrastive analysis is extended to further languages. The contrasted languages are English-Norwegian, English-French, Chinese-English, Korean-Spanish, German-Russian(-Italian) and French-Polish-Czech.
All of the contributions are corpus-based and use either monolingual corpora, such as the British National Corpus (BNC), the Open American National Corpus (OANC), the Norwegian Speech Corpus, the BigBrother corpus, Wordbanks Online, Frantext, the Czech National Corpus (CNC), the German Reference Corpus DeReKo, the Russian National Corpus (RNC), the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP) or multilingual corpora, in particular parallel corpora such as OPUS, InterCorp and a self-compiled Chinese-English parallel corpus. In most cases, the corpus data are analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.
Numerous high-quality primary textual resources - in the context of this paper, this means fulltext transcriptions (and corresponding image scans) of German texts originating from the 15th to the 19th century - are scattered among the web or stored remotely on institutional or private servers. They are often filed on degrading recording media and are encoded in out-of-date or inflexible storage formats. Often, textual resources are accompanied by scarce, insufficient or inaccurate bibliographic information, which is only one further reason why valuable resources, even if available on the web, remain undiscovered. Additionally, idiosyncratic, project-specific markup conventions often hinder further usage and analysis of the data. Because of these and other problems, a great amount of the abovementioned transcriptions of historical sources can hardly be found, let alone accessed by third parties, and are of little use to the wider research community. This situation is unsatisfying from the perspective of a (corpus-)linguistic project like the one described here, but also from the perspective of any text-based research in the humanities and social sciences. The integration of as many of these ‘dispersed’ high-quality primary textual resources as possible into an encompassing repository like the sustainable, web and centres-based research infrastructure of CLARIN-D1 2 is an important step and at least a necessary prerequisite to solve this problem. This paper summarizes the work of an 18-month project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) which dealt with the curation and integration of historical text resources of the 15th-19th century into the CLARIN-D infrastructure.
This paper aims to point out a linguistic phenomenon that due to the current stage of research can be analysed only insufficiently with the help of an electronic text corpus. In this way, the paper adds a new aspect to the discussion about historical corpora by tackling the question of how they should be designed in order to be useful for linguistic research on so-called formulaic patterns. The novelty of the question becomes apparent considering the fact that at present such historical corpora do not exist. In section 1, we define the term formulaic pattern because a clear understanding of this phenomenon is a prerequisite condition for collaborative research of it by historians of language and corpus and computer linguists. Section 2 gives a brief outline of the state of the art in the field of modern formulaic language within the framework of corpus and computer linguistics. Section 3 shows that some well known problems in this area are exacerbated when applied to historical texts. Section 4 presents a possible solution that has been implemented by the HiFoS Research Group at the University of Trier (Germany). Joint research efforts planned with UKP Lab at the TU Darmstadt (section 5) demonstrate that the restrictions posed by historical formulaic patterns are challenges to be overcome, rather than insurmountable obstacles.