Grammatikforschung
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Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre wird am Institut für deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim erforscht, wie der hochkomplexe Gegenstandsbereich „Grammatik“ unter Ausnutzung hypertextueller Navigationsstrukturen wissenschaftlich fundiert und anschaulich vermittelt werden kann. Eine zentrale Bedeutung kommt folglich einer konsistenten, theorieübergreifenden Vernetzung sämtlicher Textinhalte zu. Um eine automatisierbare Bezugnahme zwischen mit unterschiedlichem terminologischem Vokabular formulierten, aber das gleiche sprachliche Phänomen beschreibenden Inhalten zu befördern, bildet eine onomasiologisch konzipierte Terminologiedatenbank das Rückgrat des Online-Systems. Der Beitrag beschreibt Konzeption und Aufbau der skizzierten linguistischen Fachterminologie.
Polish żeby under negation
(2021)
The paper addresses two patterns in the distribution of complement clauses headed by the complementizer żeby in Polish related to the presence of sentential negation. It is argued that żeby-clauses with an obligatory negation in the matrix clause, licensed by epistemic verbs, can be treated in terms of negative polarity, with żeby defined as an n-word. Structures with żeby-clauses and an obligatory negation in the embedded clause, licensed by verbs of fear, are argued to be an instance of negative complementation, with żeby specified as a negative complementizer. A uniform lexicalist analysis within the framework of HPSG is provided, employing tools developed to account for Negative Concord in Polish.
We discuss the modal uses of the Hausa exclusive particle sai (≈ only). We argue that the distribution of sai in modal environments provides evidence for the following claims on the composition of modal meaning that have been independently made in the literature: i) Future-oriented modality involves a prospective aspect operator that can be realized covertly in some languages (e.g. English, Kratzer 2012b) and overtly in others (e.g. Gitksan, Matthewson 2012, 2013). ii) Necessity interpretations arise from exhaustifying possibilities, i.e. an exhaustivity operator applying to existential modality (e.g. Kaufmann 2012 for the case of imperatives and Leffel 2012 for a relevant analysis of necessity meaning in Masalit). We show that future-oriented necessity in Hausa decomposes into EXH((PROSP)), with sai contributing exhaustivity.
In this paper, we deal with register-driven variation from a probabilistic perspective, as proposed in Schäfer, Bildhauer, Pankratz, Müller (2022). We compare two approaches to analyse this variation within HPSG. On the one hand, we consider a multiple-grammar approach and combine it with the architecture proposed in the CoreGram project Müller (2015) - discussing its advantages and disadvantages. On the other hand, we take into account a single-grammar approach and argue that it appears to be superior due to its computational efficiency and cognitive plausibility.
To reach even language users not acquainted to the use of grammars the Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim (Germany) looked for new ways to handle grammatical problems. Instead of confronting users with abstractions frequent difficulties of German grammar are introduced in form of exemplary questions like „Which form should be used or preferred: Anfang dieses Jahre or Anfang diesen Jahres? Looking through the long list of such questions even laymen may find solutions of grammatical problems they might not be able to formulate as such.
On valence-binding grammars
(1978)
The valence of a verb determines the number, and the syntactic class, of those expressions that must co-occur with it in a sentence. Definitions of "valence-term" and "valence-boundness" are provided whereby the precise conditions are formulated that a valence-binding grammar must satisfy. These conditions are exemplified in the framework of a simple categorial grammar, in which various reductions of the general notions can be carried out.
Here we will present a graphical software tool called Morph Moulder (MoMo) for teaching the formal foundations of a language with a denotation in a domain of relational typed feature structures as used in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. With MoMo, students learn the properties of totally well-typed, sort resolved relational feature structures, the use of formal languages to describe typed feature structures and the notions of constraint satisfaction and models of grammars written in a formal language. MoMo was realized and conceived within the context of a set of courses in the format of web-based training, that focuses on the concept of typed feature structures in a curriculum in grammar formalisms and parsing. The formal language of MoMo amends the constraint language of TRALE (an implementation platform for HPSG grammars based on ALE) to accommodate the expressive power of HPSG.
Complex linguistic phenomena, such as Clitic Climbing in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, are often described intuitively, only from the perspective of the main tendency. In this paper, we argue that web corpora currently offer the best source of empirical material for studying Clitic Climbing in BCS. They thus allow the most accurate description of this phenomenon, as less frequent constructions can be tracked only in big, well-annotated data sources. We compare the properties of web corpora for BCS with traditional sources and give examples of studies on CC based on web corpora. Furthermore, we discuss problems related to web corpora and suggest some improvements for the future.