400 Sprache, Linguistik
Refine
Document Type
- Part of a Book (7)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
- Other (1)
Keywords
- Spanisch (9) (remove)
Publicationstate
Reviewstate
- (Verlags)-Lektorat (7)
- Peer-Review (2)
Publisher
This article has a double objective. First, it seeks to offer an initial approach, with critical notes, to the group of pandemic-related neologisms incorporated into the DLE in the year 2020. To that end, the trends in the academic dictionary’s incorporation of neologisms will be reviewed, focusing in particular on specialized language neologisms. Second, the article presents the design of a research study that allows for the examination of any new words beginning with CORONA- added to the DLE and the DHLE. An assessment will be made of the particularities of the DLE and the DHLE regarding the incorporation of the new words, as well as the degree of correspondence or complementarity between the two works in this sense. This will show the complementary roles that the DLE and the DHLE are currently acquiring. In this sense, the new additions open up a debate on the treatment of neologisms in academic lexicography, in a particularly unique scenario.
This paper consists of a short analysis of the sources and the treatment of the legal lexicon in the first dictionary published by the Spanish Royal Academy (1726–1739), followed by a longer commentary on the representation and the treatment of the concept of judge, in which the reflection of the extralinguistic factors in the definitions stands in focus. The results highlight the relevance of the legal context of that era for the treatment of the lexicon related to the legal domain, but they also demonstrate the pattern in which the lexicographic data displays peculiarities of legal matters.
The syntagma gel hidroalcohólico ‘hydroalcoholic gel’ or the noun hidroalcohol ‘hydroalcohol’ cannot be found in Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE) of the Real Academia Española (‘Royal Spanish Academy’) or other general reference dictionaries of the Spanish language. This is so despite the fact that, for well over a year and to this very day, we have not been able to do anything without first sanitising our hands with this product. It is one of the many neologisms that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought us, and these have become commonly used words that dictionaries should consider as candidates for future updates.
By looking at the dictionarisability of these neologisms, in this work we try to set their boundaries on the continuum along which they fall. “Dictionarisability” means, in our context, the greater or lesser interest of these unities regarding the updating of general language dictionaries. At both ends of this continuum, there are surprising nonce words, as well as neologisms that have recently lost their status as such because they have now been incorporated into the dictionary. To identify different groups on the continuum of pandemic neologisms, we take into account the criteria proposed in the current literature and, by so doing, we are able to assess the extent to which they are discriminatory. This will allow us to address the neological process and to reflect on the various stages of it, from the time a neologism is born until the moment it ceases to be one because it has been dictionarised. Before that, however, we present the framework of our study and refer to the mechanisms available for detecting neologisms in general and pandemic neologisms in particular.
The aim of this work is to describe criteria used in the process of inclusion and treatment of neologisms in dictionaries of Spanish within the framework of pandemic instability. Our starting point will be data obtained by the Antenas Neológicas Network (https://www.upf.edu/web/antenas), whose representation in three different lexicographic tools will be analyzed with the purpose of identifying problems in the methodology used to dictionarize – that is, how and what words were selected to be included in dictionaries and how they were represented in their entries – neologisms during the COVID-19 pandemic (sources and corpora of analysis, selection criteria, types of definition, among other aspects). Two of them are monolingual and COVID-19 lexical units were included as part of their updates: the Antenario, a dictionary of neologisms of Spanish varieties, and the Diccionario de la Lengua Española [DLE], a dictionary of general Spanish, published by the Real Academia Española [RAE], Spanish Royal Academy). The other is a bilingual unidirectional English-Spanish dictionary first published as a glossary, Diccionario de COVID-19 EN-ES [TREMEDICA], entirely made up of neological and non-neological lexical units related to the virus and the pandemic. Thus, the target lexis was either included in existing works or makes up the whole of a new tool located in a portal together with other lexicographic tools. Unlike other collections of COVID-19 vocabulary that kept cropping up as the pandemic unfolded, all three have been designed and written according to well-established lexicographic practices.
Our working hypothesis is that the need to record and define words which were recently created impacts the criteria for inclusion and treatment of neologisms in dictionaries about Spanish, including a certain degree of overlap of some features which are traditionally thought to be specific to each type of dictionary.
Das kontrastive Verbvalenzwörterbuch Spanisch - Deutsch (Diccionario contrastivo de valencias verbales español - alemán DCVVEA) liefert eine Beschreibung der kombinatorischen Möglichkeiten von über hundert hochfrequenten Verben des Spanischen und ihrer deutschen Äquivalente und macht präzise Angaben zu ihren semantischen und syntagmatischen Eigenschaften. Die Abgrenzung von Bedeutungsvarianten für die polysemen spanischen Lemmata geht zum einen von vorliegenden lexikographische Beschreibungen aus, die an die Zielsetzungen des DCVVEA angepasst wurden, und stützt sich zum anderen auf das empirische Datenmaterial, das die syntaktische Datenbank Base de datos sintácticos del español actual (BDS) zur Verfügung stellt. Die BDS wurde von WissenschaftlerInnen der USC unter der Leitung von Guillermo Rojo erstellt und enthält die Ergebnisse der syntaktischen Analyse von etwa 160.000 Sätzen aus einem Textkorpus der spanischen Gegenwartssprache, ARTHUS (Archivo de textos hispánicos de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela).
Das DCVVEA ist ein syntagmatisches Wörterbuch mit alphabetischer Struktur und Spanisch als Metasprache. Die Einträge beziehen sich auf die einzelnen Bedeutungsvarianten eines spanischen Verbs und werden mit authentischen Beispielen belegt. Den spanischen Verbvarianten werden deutsche Verben zugeordnet, die zu ihnen in einer vollständigen oder partiellen Äquivalenzrelation stehen. Die Ermittlung dieser Äquivalente stützt sich auf die Übersetzung der Korpusbeispiele. Die Valenzbeschreibung der spanischen und der deutschen Verbvarianten enthält funktionale, kategoriale und semantische Angaben zu den einzelnen Verbaktanten und explizite Hinweise auf kontrastiv relevante Unterschiede zwischen den Einheiten beider Sprachen.
This article is concerned with the choice of a corpus to be used as the empirical basis of a bilingual, bidirectional and conceptual learner dictionary of German and Spanish. Several standard corpora as well as web corpora for German and Spanish will be compared with respect to their size, the variety of genres they contain, the time span and geographical areas covered and what kind of search facilities they allow (e.g. word queries based on lemmata rather than on word forms). It will be argued that, when standard corpora fail to meet a particular requirement, web data may provide a useful alternative for lexicographical purposes provided they are both linguistically (i.e. morpho-syntactically) and meta-linguistically tagged.