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In order to satisfy the information needs of a wide range of researchers across a number of disciplines, large textual datasets require careful design, collection, cleaning, encoding, annotation, storage, retrieval, and curation. This daunting set of tasks has coalesced into a number of key themes and questions that are of interest to the contributing research communities: (a) what sampling techniques can we apply? (b) what quality issues should we be aware of? (c) what infrastructures and frameworks are being developed for the efficient storage, annotation, analysis and retrieval of large datasets? (d) what affordances do visualisation techniques offer for the exploratory analysis approaches of corpora? (e) what legal paths can be followed in dealing with IPR and data protection issues governing both the data sources and the query results? (f) how to guarantee that corpus data remain available and usable in a sustainable way?
Contents:
1. Christoph Kuras, Thomas Eckart, Uwe Quasthoff and Dirk Goldhahn: Automation, management and improvement of text corpus production, S. 1
2. Thomas Krause, Ulf Leser, Anke Lüdeling and Stephan Druskat: Designing a re-usable and embeddable corpus search library, S. 6
3. Radoslav Rábara, Pavel Rychlý and Ondřej Herman: Distributed corpus search, S. 10
4. Adrien Barbaresi and Antonio Ruiz Tinoco: Using elasticsearch for linguistic analysis of tweets in time and space, S. 14
5. Marc Kupietz, Nils Diewald and Peter Fankhauser: How to Get the Computation Near the Data: Improving data accessibility to, and reusability of analysis functions in corpus query platforms, S. 20
6. Roman Schneider: Example-based querying for specialist corpora, S. 26
7. Paul Rayson: Increasing interoperability for embedding corpus annotation pipelines in Wmatrix and other corpus retrieval tools, S. 33
Grammar and corpora 2016
(2018)
In recent years, the availability of large annotated and searchable corpora, together with a new interest in the empirical foundation and validation of linguistic theory and description, has sparked a surge of novel and interesting work using corpus-based methods to study the grammar of natural languages. However, a look at relevant current research on the grammar of the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages reveals a variety of different theoretical approaches and empirical foci, which can be traced back to different philological and linguistic traditions. Still, this current state of affairs should not be seen as an obstacle but as an ideal basis for a fruitful exchange of ideas between different research paradigms.
Contents:
1. Vasile Pais, Maria Mitrofan, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Elena Irimia, Roxana Micu and Carol Luca Gasan: Challenges in Creating a Representative Corpus of Romanian Micro-Blogging Text. Pp. 1-7
2. Modest von Korff: Exhaustive Indexing of PubMed Records with Medical Subject Headings. Pp. 8-15
3. Luca Brigada Villa: UDeasy: a Tool for Querying Treebanks in CoNLL-U Format. Pp. 16-19
4. Nils Diewald: Matrix and Double-Array Representations for Efficient Finite State Tokenization. Pp. 20-26
5. Peter Fankhauser and Marc Kupietz: Count-Based and Predictive Language Models for Exploring DeReKo. Pp. 27-31
6. Hanno Biber: “The word expired when that world awoke.” New Challenges for Research with Large Text Corpora and Corpus-Based Discourse Studies in Totalitarian Times. Pp. 32-35
Contents:
1. Julien Abadji, Pedro Javier Ortiz Suárez, Laurent Romary and Benoît Sagot: "Ungoliant: An Optimized Pipeline for the Generation of a Very Large-Scale Multilingual Web Corpus", S.1-9.
2. Markus Gärtner, Felicitas Kleinkopf, Melanie Andresen and Sibylle Hermann: "Corpus Reusability and Copyright - Challenges and Opportunities", S.10-19.
3. Nils Diewald, Eliza Margaretha and Marc Kupietz: "Lessons learned in Quality Management for Online Research Software Tools in Linguistics", S.20-26.
The 12th Web as Corpus workshop (WAC-XII) looks at the past, present, and future of web corpora given the fact that large web corpora are nowadays provided mostly by a few major initiatives and companies, and the diversity of the early years appears to have faded slightly. Also, we acknowledge the fact that alternative sources of data (such as data from Twitter and similar platforms) have emerged, some of them only available to large companies and their affiliates, such as linguistic data from social media and other forms of the deep web. At the same time, gathering interesting and relevant web data (web crawling) is becoming an ever more intricate task as the nature of the data offered on the web changes (for example the death of forums in favour of more closed platforms).
Contents:
1. Andreas Dittrich: Intra-connecting a small exemplary literary corpus with semantic web technologies for exploratory literary studies, S. 1
2. John Kirk, Anna Čermáková: From ICE to ICC: The new International Comparable Corpus, S. 7
3. Dawn Knight, Tess Fitzpatrick, Steve Morris, Jeremy Evas, Paul Rayson, Irena Spasic, Mark Stonelake, Enlli Môn Thomas, Steven Neale, Jennifer Needs, Scott Piao, Mair Rees, Gareth Watkins, Laurence Anthony, Thomas Michael Cobb, Margaret Deuchar, Kevin Donnelly, Michael McCarthy, Kevin Scannell: Creating CorCenCC (Corpws Cenedlaethol Cymraeg Cyfoes – The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh), S. 13
4. Marc Kupietz, Andreas Witt, Piotr Bański, Dan Tufiş, Dan Cristea, Tamás Váradi: EuReCo - Joining Forces for a European Reference Corpus as a sustainable base for cross-linguistic research, S. 15
5. Harald Lüngen, Marc Kupietz: CMC Corpora in DeReKo, S. 20
6. David McClure, Mark Algee-Hewitt, Douris Steele, Erik Fredner, Hannah Walser: Organizing corpora at the Stanford Literary Lab, S. 25
7. Radoslav Rábara, Pavel Rychlý ,Ondřej Herman: Accelerating corpus search using multiple cores, S. 30
8. John Vidler, Stephen Wattam: Keeping Properties with the Data: CL-MetaHeaders – An Open Specification, S. 35
9. Vladimir Benko: Are Web Corpora Inferior? The Case of Czech and Slovak, S. 43
10. Edyta Jurkiewicz-Rohrbacher, Zrinka Kolaković, Björn Hansen: Web Corpora – the best possible solution for tracking phenomena in underresourced languages: clitics in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, S. 49
11. Vít Suchomel: Removing Spam from Web Corpora Through Supervised Learning Using FastText, S. 56
Investigating the history of a language depends on fragmentary sources, but electronic corpora offer the possibility of alleviating the problem of ‘bad data’. However they cannot overcome it totally, and crucial questions thus arise of the optimal architecture for such a corpus, the problem of how representative even a large corpus can be of actual language use at a particular time, and how a historical corpus can best be annotated and provided with tools to maximize its usefulness as a resource for future researchers. Immense strides have been made in recent years in addressing these questions, with exciting new methods and technological advances. The papers in this volume, which were presented at a conference on New Methods in Historical Corpora (Manchester 2011), exemplify the range of these developments in investigating the diachrony of languages as distinct as English, German, Latin, Spanish, French and Slovene and developing appropriate tools for the analysis of historical corpora in these languages.
KonfeThe volume contains 23 papers read at the international conference “Historical Corpora 2012”, which was hosted by the LOEWE Research Cluster “Digital Humanities” of the State of Hesse at the University of Frankfurt on December 6-8, 2012. All in all, the conference comprised 27 individual papers plus five keynote speeches, three of which have been integrated in the present volume, too.
The contributions, which have been duly updated, take a broad variety of perspectives on “historical corpora”, including their structuring, their management, and various facets of the increase of knowledge they can provide. In addition to this, the papers cover a large amount of different languages, German – in nearly all its historical facettes – being the most widely addressed; however, the range of vernaculars treated extends far beyond that, across the Romance languages into the Caucasus and from the recent past down into antiquity. Differences also concern the linguistic interests prevailing in the papers, which may focus on syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, lexicological or other phenomena.