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Dieses Gespräch wurde am 6. Februar 2023 in den Räumlichkeiten des Marsilius-Kollegs der Universität Heidelberg aufgenommen. Es spiegelt den Austausch zwischen den beteiligten Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern wider und gibt einen ersten Einblick in die Themen und Fragen, die in diesem Sammelband eine Rolle spielen. Das Gespräch wurde transkribiert und an denjenigen Stellen sprachlich überarbeitet, die es aus Gründen der Verständlich- und Lesbarkeit erforderten. Der mündliche, im Nachdenken begriffene Charakter des Gesprächs wurde gewahrt.
This paper presents a compositional annotation scheme to capture the clusivity properties of personal pronouns in context, that is their ability to construct and manage in-groups and out-groups by including/excluding the audience and/or non-speech act participants in reference to groups that also include the speaker. We apply and test our schema on pronoun instances in speeches taken from the German parliament. The speeches cover a time period from 2017-2021 and comprise manual annotations for 3,126 sentences. We achieve high inter-annotator agreement for our new schema, with a Cohen’s κ in the range of 89.7-93.2 and a percentage agreement of > 96%. Our exploratory analysis of in/exclusive pronoun use in the parliamentary setting provides some face validity for our new schema. Finally, we present baseline experiments for automatically predicting clusivity in political debates, with promising results for many referential constellations, yielding an overall 84.9% micro F1 for all pronouns.
Based on conference reports and minutes, archive material and official documents, the article seeks to explore the way in which the promotion of women’s sports and of women in leadership positions became an important part of the sport policy of two major organizations involved in European sport cooperation: the Council of Europe and the European Sport Conference. During first and modest discussions in the 1960s and 1970s it constituted a rather paternalistic project. Also, it was based on the assumption of an essential difference between men and women concerning the need for participation in sport. This only changed since the beginning of the 1980s when women took the course in their own hands, challenged the underlying assumptions and created new networks of cooperation.
Sometimes legal scholars get relevant but baffling questions from laypersons like: “The reference to a work is personal data, so does the GDPR actually require me to anonymise it? Or, as my voice data is personal data, does the GDPR automatically give me access to a speech recognizer using my voice sample? Or, can I say anything about myself without the GDPR requiring the web host to anonymise or remove the post? What can I say about others like politicians? And, what can researchers say about patients in a research report?” Based on these questions, the authors address the interaction of intellectual property and data protection law in the context of data minimisation and attribution rights, access rights, trade secret protection, and freedom of expression.
Twitter data is used in a wide variety of research disciplines in Social Sciences and Humanities. Although most Twitter data is publicly available, its re-use and sharing raise many legal questions related to intellectual property and personal data protection. Moreover, the use of Twitter and its content is subject to the Terms of Service, which also regulate re-use and sharing. This extended abstract provides a brief analysis of these issues and introduces the new Academic Research product track, which enables authorized researchers to access Twitter API on a preferential basis.
Digital humanities research under United States and European copyright laws. Evolving frameworks
(2021)
This chapter summarizes the current state of copyright laws in the United States and European Union that most affect Digital Humanities research, namely the fair use doctrine in the US and research exceptions in Europe, including the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, which has been finally adopted in 2019. This summary begins with a description of recent copyright advances most relevant to DH research, and finishes with an analysis of a significant remaining legal hurdle which DH researchers face: how do fair use and research exceptions deal with the critical issue of circumventing technological protection measures (TPM, a.k.a. DRM). Our discussion of the lawful means of obtaining TPM-protected material may contribute to both current DH research and planning decisions and inform future stakeholders and lawmakers of the need to allow TPM circumvention for academic research.
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on personal data protection in the European Union entered into application on 25 May 2018. With its 173 recitals and 99 articles, it may be one of the most ambitious pieces of EU legislation to date. Rather than a guide to GDPR compliance for Digital Humanities researchers, this chapter looks at the use of personal data in DH projects from the data subject’s perspective, and examines to what extent the GDPR kept its promise of enabling the data subject to “take control of his data”. The chapter provides an overview of the right to privacy and the right to data protection, a discussion of the relation between the concept of data control and privacy and data protection law, an introduction to the GDPR, and an explanation of its relevance for scientific research in general and DH in particular. The main section of the chapter analyses two types of data control mechanisms (consent and data subject rights) and their impact on DH research.
Der Beitrag spürt dem spannungsreichen Verhältnis von diskursanalytischen Ansätzen und (neo-)marxistischer Kapitalismuskritik nach und erkundet mögliche Beiträge diskursanalytischer Perspektiven zu Kapitalismusanalysen. In einem ersten Schritt wird anhand einiger ausgewählter Diskurstheoretikerinnen und -theoretiker der Eindruck einer zwischen affirmierter Nähe und skeptischer Abgrenzung schwankenden Positionierung zu marxistischen Ansätzen verdeutlicht. Gegen elementare Grundannahmen marxistischer Wissenschafts- und Gesellschaftskonzepte, so etwa den Begriff der ‚Ideologie‘ oder die Annahme einer klar nachvollziehbaren und damit voraussagbaren gesellschaftlich-politischen Determinierung durch ökonomische ‚Basisprozesse‘ setzten sie die Ansicht, dass Wissen, Wahrheit, soziale Identitäten wie auch gesellschaftliche Praktiken als kontingente und stets unabgeschlossene Ergebnisse sozialer Konstruktionsprozesse zu begreifen seien. Am Beispiel verschiedener marxistischer Grundannahmen, wie der Trennung von Lohnarbeit und Kapital, dem Verwertungszwang des Kapitals, dem Auseinanderfallen von Politik und Ökonomie, wird anschließend dafür plädiert, diese nicht als gegebene Tatsachen hinzunehmen, sondern in ihrer diskursiven Verfasstheit selbst zu untersuchen. Erst dann – so die Annahme – lässt sich zeigen, ob und wie diese Elemente gesellschaftlich wirkmächtig werden.