Sprache im 20. Jahrhundert. Gegenwartssprache
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Einleitung
(2002)
The development of tools for computer-assisted transcription and analysis of extensive speech corpora is one main issue at the Institute of German Language (IDS) and the Institute of Natural Language Processing (IMS). Corpora of natural spoken dialogue have been transcribed, and the analogue recordings of these discourses are digitized. An automatic segmentation system is employed which is based on Hidden Markov Models. The orthographic representation of the speech signal is transformed into a phonetic representation, the phonetic transcription is transformed into a system-internal representation, and the time alignment between text and speech signal follows. In this article, we also describe the retrieval software Cosmas II and its special features for searching discourse transcripts and playing time aligned passages.
In literate societies linguistic competence includes speaking as well as writing. Talking and writing are rather different activities, therefore one should expect that in foreign language teaching (and especially in german-as-foreign-language teaching) both parts are included in equal proportions. However, the practise of teaching shows that written language is dominant and spoken language lives a shadow existence (section 1). In the following I will give five reasons as to why spoken language stands in the background and why it is such a bulky and clumsy subject (section 2). After which I will characterise two points of view one can take in regards to the magnitude of the differences between spoken and written language (section 3) and I will describe some of the central differences (section 4). Finally, 1 will formulate some consequences of this study for foreign language teaching, and I will argue that the difficulties connected with spoken language should be confronted, as in my opinion spoken language is an indispensable part of foreign language teaching (section 5).
In meinem Beitrag benenne ich fünf Gründe, warum die gesprochene Sprache im DaF-Unterricht, aber auch generell in der Sprachwissenschaft im Hintergrund steht und ein sperriger, schwer zu handhabender Gegenstand ist (Abschnitt 2). Sodann charakterisiere ich zwei unterschiedliche Positionen zum Ausmaß der Unterschiede zwischen gesprochener und geschriebener Sprache und beschreibe einige zentrale Unterschiede (Abschnitt 3). Abschließend formuliere ich einige Konsequenzen, die sich hieraus für den Fremdsprachen- und DaF-Unterricht ergeben, und plädiere dafür, sich die Schwierigkeiten, die mit einer Berücksichtigung der gesprochenen Sprache verbunden sind, bewusst zu machen und sich ihnen zu stellen, denn gesprochene Sprache ist meines Erachtens ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil des fremdsprachlichen Unterrichts (Abschnitt 4).