Sprache im 20. Jahrhundert. Gegenwartssprache
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Das Bild von der 'Sprache der DDR' in der alten Bundesrepublik oder: Haben sie so gesprochen?
(2004)
This paper investigates emergent pseudo-coordination in spoken German. In a corpus-based study, seven verbs in the first conjunct are analyzed regarding the degree of semantic bleaching and the development of subjective or aspectual meaning components. Moreover, it is shown that each verb shows distinct tendencies for co-ocurrences, especially with deictic adverbs in the first conjunct and with specific verbs and verb classes in the second conjunct. It is argued that pseudo-coordination is originally motivated by the need for ‘chunking’ in unplanned speech and that it is still prominently used in this function in German, in contrast to languages in which pseudo-coordination is grammaticalized further.
In recent decades, the investigation of spoken language has become increasingly important in linguistic research. However, the spoken word is a fleeting phenomenon which is difficult to analyse and which requires an elaborate process of examination and appraisal. The Institute for the German Language (Institut für Deutsche Sprache) has the largest collection of recordings of spoken German, the German Speech Archive (Deutsches Spracharchiv [DSAv]). Up to now, the inadequate processing and accessibility of the valuable material held by the DSAv has been regarded as its major shortcoming. A solution to this problem is at hand now that a start has been made with the systematic modernization of the DSAv and, in particular, with the digitalization of its material. In recent years, we have been able to systematically exploit the unique opportunities provided by a new and easier form of access to the spoken language via the recorded sound signal, which can be realized digitally in the computer, and its linkage to the corresponding texts and documentary data. Through the integration of the existing data about the corpora and of the written versions of the texts into an information and full text database and through the linking of these data with the acoustic signal itself, it is now possible for us to construct a data pool which allows a better documentation of the material and provides rapid internal and external access to the sound recordings. Processed in such a way, the material of the German Speech Archive can now be regarded as having been saved for posterity. As a result, entirely new areas of inquiry and entirely new research perspectives have been opened up. This is true both for the work of the Institute itself and for linguistic research in German as a whole.
Das Forschungs- und Lehrkorpus Gesprochenes Deutsch (FOLK), zugänglich über die Datenbank für Gesprochenes Deutsch (DGD), strebt den Status eines Referenzkorpus für den aktuellen mündlichen Sprachgebrauch im deutschen Sprachraum an. Es enthält einen wachsenden Bestand von Audio- und Videoaufnahmen authentischer Gespräche aus verschiedenen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Die Dokumentation und Repräsentation von Interaktions- und Sprecherinformationen sind bereits seit den Anfängen des Korpusaufbaus integrale Bestandteile von FOLK. Allerdings lag bislang kein ausgearbeitetes, empirisch erprobtes und vollständig in die Korpusinfrastruktur integrierbares Stratifikationskonzept vor. Mit dem vorliegenden Artikel wird ein solches Konzept vorgeschlagen. Es knüpft an frühere Konzeptionen an und wurde anhand der vorhandenen Daten überprüft, korrigiert und erweitert. Dieser Prozess verlief parallel zur Überarbeitung des XML-Schemas zur Metadatendokumentation, um die konkrete Implementierung vorzubereiten. Im Anschluss an eine Skizzierung genereller Aspekte des Korpusdesigns werden die stratifikationsleitenden und ergänzenden Parameter vorgestellt und erläutert. Abschließend werden Ansätze und Strategien zum Korpusausbau diskutiert.
Berichtet wird aus einem Forschungsprojekt des Instituts für deutsche Sprache, Mannheim, das sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, Sprachwandel in statu nascendi zu beobachten, den Sprecher und die individuellen Veränderungen seines Sprechens und seiner Einstellung zur Sprache nach Ablauf von etwa vier Jahrzehnten in den Blick zu nehmen. Erneut interviewt werden Sprecher deutscher Dialekte oder Umgangssprachen, die in verschiedenen Forschungsprojekten in den 50er und 60er Jahren aufgenommen wurden und von denen eine Tonbandaufnahme im Deutschen Spracharchiv archiviert ist. Im Rahmen einer dem Forschungsprojekt vorgeschalteten inzwischen abgeschlossenen Pilotstudie wurde ein umfängliches methodisches Instrumentarium erprobt, um aussagekräftiges Vergleichsmaterial und Sprachbiographien einiger ausgewählter Sprecher elizitieren zu können. Auf der Basis dieser Studie werden das Projektdesign und die Analysekategorien für die Hauptuntersuchung festgelegt.
Linguistische Analyse
(1982)
We present the annotation of information structure in the MULI project. To learn more about the information structuring means in prosody, syntax and discourse, theory- independent features were defined for each level. We describe the features and illustrate them on an example sentence. To investigate the interplay of features, the representation has to allow for inspecting all three layers at the same time. This is realised by a stand-off XML mark-up with the word as the basic unit. The theory-neutral XML stand-off annotation allows integrating this resource with other linguistic resources such as the Tiger Treebank for German or the Penn treebank for English.
Vorschlag zu einer Typik der Kommunikationssituationen in der gesprochenen deutschen Standardsprache
(1975)
While written corpora can be exploited without any linguistic annotations, speech corpora need at least a basic transcription to be of any use for linguistic research. The basic annotation of speech data usually consists of time-aligned orthographic transcriptions. To answer phonetic or phonological research questions, phonetic transcriptions are needed as well. However, manual annotation is very time-consuming and requires considerable skill and near-native competence. Therefore it can take years of speech corpus compilation and annotation before any analyses can be carried out. In this paper, approaches that address the transcription bottleneck of speech corpus exploitation are presented and discussed, including crowdsourcing the orthographic transcription, automatic phonetic alignment, and query-driven annotation. Currently, query-driven annotation and automatic phonetic alignment are being combined and applied in two speech research projects at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), whereas crowdsourcing the orthographic transcription still awaits implementation.
We present an XML-based metadata standard for the documentation of speech and multimedia corpora that was developed at the Institute for German Language (IDS) in Mannheim, Germany. The IDS is one of the major institutions providing German speech and language corpora to researchers. These corpora stem from many different sources and were previously documented in a rather heterogeneous fashion using a variety of data models and formats. In order to unify the documentation for existing and future corpora, the IDS- internal Archive for Spoken German collaborated with several projects and developed a set of standardised XML metadata schemas. These XML schemas build on existing internal and external documentation schemas (such as IMDI) and take into account the workflow of speech corpus production. In order to minimise redundancy, separate schemas were designed for projects, speakers, recording sessions, and entire corpora. The resulting schemas are tested in ongoing speech and multi-media projects at the IDS and are regularly revised. They are accompanied by element definitions, guidelines, and examples. In addition, a mapping to IMDI will be provided.
The metadata management system for speech corpora “memasysco” has been developed at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) and is applied for the first time to document the speech corpus “German Today”. memasysco is based on a data model for the documentation of speech corpora and contains two generic XML schemas that drive data capture, XML native database storage, dynamic publishing, and information retrieval. The development of memasysco’s information architecture was mainly based on the ISLE MetaData Initiative (IMDI) guidelines for publishing metadata of linguistic resources. However, since we also have to support the corpus management process in research projects at the IDS, we need a finer atomic granularity for some documentation components as well as more restrictive categories to ensure data integrity. The XML metadata of different speech corpus projects are centrally validated and natively stored in an Oracle XML database. The extension of the system to the management of annotations of audio and video signals (e.g. orthographic and phonetic transcriptions) is planned for the near future.
Gesprochene Alltagssprache
(2017)
The current paper presents a corpus containing 35 dialogues of spontaneously spoken southern German, including half an hour of articulography for 13 of the speakers. Speakers were seated in separate recording chambers, mimicking a telephone call, and recorded on individual audio channels. The corpus provides manually corrected word boundaries and automatically aligned segment boundaries. Annotations are provided in the Praat format. In addition to audio recordings, speakers filled out a detailed questionnaire, assessing among others their audio-visual consumption habits.
Cutler, Anne: Native listening. Language experience and the recognition of spoken words [Rezension]
(2013)
The aim of this paper is to highlight the actual need for corpora that have been annotated based on acoustic information. The acoustic information should be coded in features or properties and is needed to inform further processing systems, i.e. to present a basis for a speech recognition system using linguistic information. Feature annotation of existing corpora in combination with segmental annotation can provide a powerful training material for speech recognition systems, but will as well challenge the further processing of features to segments and syllables. We present here the theoretical preliminaries for our multilingual feature extraction system, that we are currently working on.
Diese Handreichung stellt die Datenbank für Gesprochenes Deutsch (DGD) und speziell das Forschungs- und Lehrkorpus Gesprochenes Deutsch (FOLK) als Instrumente gesprächsanalytischer Arbeit vor. Nach einem kurzen einführenden Überblick werden anhand des Beispiels "sprich" als Diskursmarker bzw. Reformulierungsindikator Schritt für Schritt die Ressourcen und Tools für systematische korpus- und datenbankgesteuerte Recherchen und Analysen vorgestellt und illustriert.