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Consistency of reference structures is an important issue in lexicography and dictionary research, especially with respect to information on sense-related items. In this paper, the systematic challenges of this area (e.g. ‘non-reversed reference’, bidirectional linking being realised as unidirectional structures) will be outlined, and the problems which can be caused by these challenges for both lexicographers and dictionary users will be discussed. The paper also discusses how text-technological Solutions may help to provide Support for the consistency of sense-related pairings during the process of compiling a dictionary.
The paper reports on a dictionary of German loanwords in the languages of the South Pacific that is compiled at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim. The loanwords described in this dictionary mainly result from language contact between 1884 and 1914, when the German empire was in possession of large areas of the South Pacific where overall more than 700 indigenous languages were spoken. The dictionary is designed as an electronic XML-based resource from which an internet dictionary and a printed dictionary can be derived. Its printed version is intended as an ‘inverted loanword dictionary’, that is, a dictionary that – in contrast to the usual praxis in loanword lexicography – lemmatizes the words of a source language that have been borrowed by other languages. Each of the loanwords will be described with respect to its form and meaning and the contact situation in which it was borrowed. Among the outer texts of the dictionary are (i) a list of all sources with bibliographic and archival information, (ii) a commentary on each source, (iii) a short history of the language contact with German for each target language, and perhaps (iv) facsimiles of source texts.The dictionary is supposed to (i) help to reconstruct the history of language contact of the source language, (ii) provide evidence for the cultural contact between the populations speaking the source and the target languages, (iii) enable linguistic theories about the systematic changes of the semantic, morphosyntactic, or phonological lexical properties of the source language when its words are borrowed into genetically and typologically different languages, and (iv) establish a thoroughly described case for testing typological theories of borrowing.
The evolution of computer technologies and the introduction of the World Wide Web (WWW) have substantially changed the way scientific articles and books are published today. Besides writing for "traditional" print media, more and more authors decide to reach a larger audience and to decrease distribution time by offering their works on the internet. The electronic medium not only facilitates the spread of information, it also adds new value by extending the possibilities of knowledge retrieval. Of course the same is true for structured data collections like scientific glossaries, dictionaries or bibliographies. They particularly profit from the web when being accessible via user-friendly and effective frontends. The following chapters deal with the transformation of the Bibliography of German Grammar (“Bibliografie zur deutschen Grammatik”) from a data pool primarly used for print publishing to a relational database application offering a basis for media-independent distribution. Starting with a short description of the beginnings of the bibliography, the focus of this article lies on the explanation of our current database design as well as on the presentation of the web-based user interface.
Onlinewörterbücher in der Wörterbuchkritik : ein Evaluationsraster mit 39 Beurteilungskriterien
(2010)
Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes wird erstmals der Versuch eines möglichst umfassenden und dem neuen Wörterbuchtypus der Onlinewörterbücher (OWB) angepassten Kriterienkatalogs zur Wörterbuchkritik vorgestellt. Greifen doch hier nicht in vollem Umfang die – wenn auch wahrlich gut ausgearbeiteten – Evaluationsraster für Printwörterbücher. Denn: „The Internet will ultimately influence lexicography, along with all fields of knowlegde.“ (Carr 1997, S. 219). Es ergeben sich folglich für OWB eine Reihe von Mehrwerten: ‘Hypertext’ verändert den gesamten strukturellen Aufbau von Texten, bricht deren Linearität auf, fragmentiert Texte in kleinere Informationseinheiten und stellt diese in ein Netz aus Knoten und Links, durch das sich der Leser seinen eigenen Weg bahnt (Huber 2003, S. 15, 45; Kuhlen 1991, S. 20f., 124; Storrer 2000a, S. 213ff.). Diese "Interaktivität" ermöglicht die Manipulierbarkeit von Hypertexten, eine Eigenschaft, welche Benutzern durch die Möglichkeit, eigene Lesewege einzuschlagen, eine aktivere Rolle bei der Rezeption zuweist (Kuhlen 1991, S. 12ff.; Sager 2000, S. 589). "Multimedia" als weiterer Mehrwert erlaubt außerdem die Implementierung von Text, Bildern und weiteren neuen Formen der Informationsvermittlung wie Film, Ton, Animation und Simulation (Sager 2000, S. 588f.). Ergo hat sich im Rahmen des Wechsels vom Printwörterbuch zum OWB nicht nur ein Wandel des Mediums vollzogen (Abschied vom eigentlichen Buch), sondern auch eine Wandlung innerhalb der Textsorte Wörterbuch als Nachschlagewerk. Dieser Veränderung muss in einigen Punkten eine Modifizierung oder auch Augmentation der Bewertungskriterien folgen. Dies gilt es im Rahmen des neuen Kriterienkatalogs zu verdeutlichen.