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This thesis is a corpus linguistic investigation of the language used by young German speakers online, examining lexical, morphological, orthographic, and syntactic features and changes in language use over time. The study analyses the language in the Nottinghamer Korpus deutscher YouTube‐Sprache ("Nottingham corpus of German YouTube language", or NottDeuYTSch corpus), one of the first large corpora of German‐language comments taken from the videosharing website YouTube, and built specifically for this project. The metadatarich corpus comprises c.33 million tokens from more than 3 million comments posted underneath videos uploaded by mainstream German‐language youthorientated YouTube channels from 2008‐2018.
The NottDeuYTSch corpus was created to enable corpus linguistic approaches to studying digital German youth language (Jugendsprache), having identified the need for more specialised web corpora (see Barbaresi 2019). The methodology for compiling the corpus is described in detail in the thesis to facilitate future construction of web corpora. The thesis is situated at the intersection of Computer‐Mediated Communication (CMC) and youth language, which have been important areas of sociolinguistic scholarship since the 1980s, and explores what we can learn from a corpus‐driven, longitudinal approach to (online) youth language. To do so, the thesis uses corpus linguistic methods to analyse three main areas:
1. Lexical trends and the morphology of polysemous lexical items. For this purpose, the analysis focuses on geil, one of the most iconic and productive words in youth language, and presents a longitudinal analysis, demonstrating that usage of geil has decreased, and identifies lexical items that have emerged as potential replacements. Additionally, geil is used to analyse innovative morphological productiveness, demonstrating how different senses of geil are used as a base lexeme or affixoid in compounding and derivation.
2. Syntactic developments. The novel grammaticalization of several subordinating conjunctions into both coordinating conjunctions and discourse markers is examined. The investigation is supported by statistical analyses that demonstrate an increase in the use of non‐standard syntax over the timeframe of the corpus and compares the results with other corpora of written language.
3. Orthography and the metacommunicative features of digital writing. This analysis identifies orthographic features and strategies in the corpus, e.g. the repetition of certain emoji, and develops a holistic framework to study metacommunicative functions, such as the communication of illocutionary force, information structure, or the expression of identities. The framework unifies previous research that had focused on individual features, integrating a wide range of metacommunicative strategies within a single, robust system of analysis.
By using qualitative and computational analytical frameworks within corpus linguistic methods, the thesis identifies emergent linguistic features in digital youth language in German and sheds further light on lexical and morphosyntactic changes and trends in the language of young people over the period 2008‐2018. The study has also further developed and augmented existing analytical frameworks to widen the scope of their application to orthographic features associated with digital writing.
Bei den Beratungen des Internationalen Arbeitskreises für Orthographie über die Neuregelung der deutschen Rechtschreibung lagen in Bezug auf die GZS zwei Reformvorschläge auf dem Tisch. Neben dem Vorschlag der IDS-Kommission für Rechtschreibfragen, der dann als Grundlage für die später beschlossene Reformregelung diente (vgl. dazu 3.4 Schaeder in diesem Band), lag der Vorschlag der DDR-Forschungsgruppe Orthographie, der das gemeinsame Ziel einer Vereinfachung der bisherigen Regelung mit einem zum Teil anderen Ansatz zu erreichen versuchte. Da dieser Reformvorschlag, der von mir im Rahmen der Forschungsgruppe Orthographie ausgearbeitet worden ist (vgl. Herberg 1981, 1986), in seiner endgültigen Fassung, die den Teilnehmern der Züricher Tagung vom September 1987 vorlag, noch nicht veröffentlicht worden ist, nehme ich gern die Gelegenheit wahr, im Rahmen dieser Publikation auf ihn zurückzukommen.
Nach einem kurzen Rückblick auf die Behandlung der GZS-Problematik im Internationalen Arbeitskreis (1.) gehe ich auf die Funktion der GZS in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache ein (2.), leite daraus die Grundsätze für den Neuregelungsvorschlag ab (3.), gebe den Vorschlag im Wortlaut vollständig wieder (4.) und gehe abschließend auf die wesentlichen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede dieses Vorschlages in Bezug auf die beschlossene Neuregelung ein (5.).
Concurrent standardization as a necessity: The genesis of the new official orthographic guidelines
(2009)
The new official orthographic guidelines were brought into force by the official state authorities on August 1st, 1998 and its principle goals were a standardized representation of the guidelines and a «gentle simplification in respect of content». This regulation was not supported by the public and in fact it was the starting point for a struggle for conceptual solutions and a quest for the achievement of' a consensus between different possible norms. Since orthography is an officially codified standard taking up a prominent position among linguistic standards, it is of particular socio-political importance. It was the foremost task of the Council for German Orthography (Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung), instituted in December 2004, to elaborate a compromise in order to bring the «Orthographical war» (Die Zeit) to an end, which was led enthusiastically for more than a decade. - The concern of this article is to classify historically the agreement reached in 2006. Against this background, it can be stated that official guidelines will only be accepted, if they are based upon the usage in writing and if they take into account the interests of the reader. Both principles are characterizing the proposal made by the Council for German Orthography. An outlook on the Council's activities concerning orthographic standardization expected in the future will conclude this article.