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Online Access Tools for Spoken German: The Resources of the Deutsches Spracharchiv in a Database
(2002)
This paper shows some details of the modernization of the Deutsches Spracharchiv (DSAv). It explores some future possibilities of linguistical documentation and analysis using the Web. The Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim is the central institution for linguistic research in Germany. The DSAv in the IDS is the center for documentation and research of spoken German. These archives include the largest collection of sound recordings of spoken German (dialects and colloquial speech, including e.g. lots of extinct dialects of former German territories in Eastern Europe) - altogether more than 15,000 sound recordings. The lacking clarification and accessibility of this data material has been felt as an essential deficit. The opportunity to edit the sound signal digitally offers a much easier access to spoken language. Through the integration of the already existing information about the corpora and the transcribed texts in an information- and full text databank, as well as the linking of the data with the acoustic signal (alignment), arises a data-pool with considerably better documentation of the materials and a fast direct grasp of the recorded sounds. Thus, the DSAv initiates totally new research questions for the work at the IDS, as well as for linguistics altogether.
Was sind die Grundeinheiten gesprochener Sprache? Ein altes Problem und ein neuer Lösungsvorschlag
(2003)
This article revives the question of what the fundamental units of spoken language are. In chapter 2 some answers of current and previous theory are listed. In chapter 3 I argue that turns are the basic units of conversation, although the question of the constituents of a single turn arises. In chapter 4 a turn is broken down into atomistic units: the functional units. A functional unit is the smallest constituent of interaction to which a recipient can ascribe function for the communicative process. Functional units are distinguished into three types: contigently independent, projective and associated. A tentative account of different subtypes is suggested.
We apply a decision tree based approach to pronoun resolution in spoken dialogue. Our system deals with pronouns with NP- and non-NP-antecedents. We present a set of features designed for pronoun resolution in spoken dialogue and determine the most promising features. We evaluate the system on twenty Switchboard dialogues and show that it compares well to Byron’s (2002) manually tuned system.
Hypermedia und Internet revolutionieren die Gesellschaft in vielen Lebens- und Arbeitsbereichen. Sie sind auch in der Linguistik nicht nur zum Forschungsgegenstand, sondern auch zum Präsentationsmedium geworden. Auch und besonders in der Gesprächsanalyse werden die Möglichkeiten der Darstellung und der Analyse durch den Einsatz elektronischer Systeme um ein Vielfaches erweitert. In diesem Beitrag möchten wir darüber informieren, wie und zu welchem Zweck Videodateien in verschiedenen online oder offline verfügbaren Systemen zur Gesprächsforschung eingesetzt werden, und versuchen, den Stellenwert dieses Einsatzes im gesprächsanalytischen Arbeitsprozess aufzuzeigen. Nach einer Darstellung der bisherigen wesentlichen Entwicklungsschritte des Gesprächsanalytischen Informationssystems GAIS und einem Überblick über andere Hypermediasysteme zeigen wir, wie man mit Hilfe von Videos die Flüchtigkeit des originalen Kommunikationsereignisses nachbilden oder in spezifischer Weise auf dieses Ereignis zugreifen kann. Ferner zeigen wir, wie sich der Videoeinsatz mit Phasen des gesprächsanalytischen Arbeitsprozesses verknüpfen lässt, und plädieren für eine Integration der didaktischen Vermittlung in diesen Prozess. Wir beschäftigen uns hier also mit den didaktischen Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Lehrende und den Lernmöglichkeiten für Studierende, die hypermediale Systeme in der Gesprächsanalyse bieten.
We present an implemented machine learning system for the automatic detection of nonreferential it in spoken dialog. The system builds on shallow features extracted from dialog transcripts. Our experiments indicate a level of performance that makes the system usable as a preprocessing filter for a coreference resolution system. We also report results of an annotation study dealing with the classification of it by naive subjects.
In this paper we investigate the coverage of the two knowledge sources WordNet and Wikipedia for the task of bridging resolution. We report on an annotation experiment which yielded pairs of bridging anaphors and their antecedents in spoken multi-party dialog. Manual inspection of the two knowledge sources showed that, with some interesting exceptions, Wikipedia is superior to WordNet when it comes to the coverage of information necessary to resolve the bridging anaphors in our data set. We further describe a simple procedure for the automatic extraction of the required knowledge from Wikipedia by means of an API, and discuss some of the implications of the procedure’s performance.
This paper discusses the technological and methodological challenges in creating and sharing HAMATAC, the Hamburg Map Task Corpus. The first version of the corpus, consisting of 24 recordings with orthographic transcriptions and metadata, is publicly available. A second version featuring different types of linguistic annotation is in progress. I will describe how the various software tools and data formats of the EXMARaLDA system were used for transcription and multi-level annotation, to compile recordings and transcriptions into a corpus and manage metadata, to publish the corpus, and how they can be used for carrying out corpus queries (KWIC) and analyses. Some recurrent issues in corpus building and sharing and the interaction of technological and methodological aspects will be illustrated using HAMATAC.