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Besonderheiten des Gebrauchs
(2005)
One major issue in the accomplishment of contrasts in conversation is lexical choice of items which carry the semantic Ioad of the two states of affair which are represented as being opposed to one another. These items or expressions are co-selected to be understood as being contrastively related to each other. In this paper, it is argued that the activity of contrasting itself provides them with a specific local opposite meaning which they would not obtain in other contexts. Practices of contrastingare thus seen as an example of conversational activities which creatively and systematically affect situated meanings. Basedon data from various genres, such as meetings, mediation sessions and conversations, the paper discusses two practices of contrasting, their sequential construction and their interpretative effects. It is concluded that the interpretative effects of conversational contrasting rest on the sequential deployment oflinguistic resources and on the cognitive procedures of frame-based interpretation and constructing a maximally contrastive interpretation for the co-selected expressions.
Das Bedeutungsspektrum
(2005)
Changes of consciousness establish a status quo of consciousness. But which consciousness, that is, which definition (concept) of water accompanies everyday »unconscious« thought, communication, and behavior? Which, more or less, conscious concept of water shapes public discourse in the media and forms a starting point for political action? It is shown that the aspects of drinking, washing, and landscape constitute the core and that the aspect of costs is linked to utilization: however, the origins of the costs (purification, availability) are not considered. Furthermore, the social perspective (especially regarding the last fifty years in the FRG) is actually very one-sided and partially blind. Therefore, precisely this status quo must be acknowledged and considered if political measures are to be taken for the protection of water.