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Das von der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft geförderte Projekt „Lexik des gesprochenen Deutsch“(LeGeDe, Leibniz-Wettbewerb 2016, Förderlinie I: „Innovative Vorhaben“) nahm im September 2016 am Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) seine Arbeit auf.1 Das Hauptziel ist die Erstellung einer korpusbasierten lexikografischen Online-Ressource zur Lexik des gesprochenen Deutsch auf der Grundlage von lexikologischen und gesprächsanalytischen Untersuchungen authentischer gesprochensprachlicher Daten. Als Kooperationsprojekt der Abteilungen Lexik und Pragmatik arbeiten Mitarbeiter/innen aus der Lexikologie, Lexikografie, Interaktionalen bzw. Gesprächslinguistik, Korpus- und Computerlinguistik und den Empirischen Methoden zusammen, wodurch sowohl aus der Sicht der Gesprochene- Sprache-Forschung als auch aus lexikografischer Perspektive eine innovative Form der Sprachbeschreibung entstehen soll.
Der Auftaktworkshop "Lexik des gesprochenen Deutsch: Forschungsstand, Erwartungen und Anforderungen an die Entwicklung einer innovativen lexikografischen Ressource" fand am 16. und 17. Februar 2017 am Institut fur Deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim statt. Das von der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft geforderte Projekt "Lexik des gesprochenen Deutsch" (=LeGeDe, Leibniz-Wettbewerb 2016, Forderlinie "Innovative Vorhaben") nahm im September 2016 am IDS seine Arbeit auf. Das Hauptziel ist die Erstellung einer korpusbasierten elektronischen Ressource zur Lexik des gesprochenen Deutsch auf der Grundlage von lexikologischen und gesprachsanalytischen Untersuchungen authentischer gesprochensprachlicher Daten.
Sound units play a pivotal role in cognitive models of auditory comprehension. The general consensus is that during perception listeners break down speech into auditory words and subsequently phones. Indeed, cognitive speech recognition is typically taken to be computationally intractable without phones. Here we present a computational model trained on 20 hours of conversational speech that recognizes word meanings within the range of human performance (model 25%, native speakers 20–44%), without making use of phone or word form representations. Our model also generates successfully predictions about the speed and accuracy of human auditory comprehension. At the heart of the model is a ‘wide’ yet sparse two-layer artificial neural network with some hundred thousand input units representing summaries of changes in acoustic frequency bands, and proxies for lexical meanings as output units. We believe that our model holds promise for resolving longstanding theoretical problems surrounding the notion of the phone in linguistic theory.
We present a method to identify and document a phenomenon on which there is very little empirical data: German phrasal compounds occurring in the form of as a single token (without punctuation between their components). Relying on linguistic criteria, our approach implies to have an operational notion of compounds which can be systematically applied as well as (web) corpora which are large and diverse enough to contain rarely seen phenomena. The method is based on word segmentation and morphological analysis, it takes advantage of a data-driven learning process. Our results show that coarse-grained identification of phrasal compounds is best performed with empirical data, whereas fine-grained detection could be improved with a combination of rule-based and frequency-based word lists. Along with the characteristics of web texts, the orthographic realizations seem to be linked to the degree of expressivity.
In conversation, turn-taking is usually fluid, with next speakers taking their turn right after the end of the previous turn. Most, but not all, previous studies show that next speakers start to plan their turn early, if possible already during the incoming turn. The present study makes use of the list-completion paradigm (Barthel et al., 2016), analyzing speech onset latencies and eye-movements of participants in a task-oriented dialogue with a confederate. The measures are used to disentangle the contributions to the timing of turn-taking of early planning of content on the one hand and initiation of articulation as a reaction to the upcoming turn-end on the other hand. Participants named objects visible on their computer screen in response to utterances that did, or did not, contain lexical and prosodic cues to the end of the incoming turn. In the presence of an early lexical cue, participants showed earlier gaze shifts toward the target objects and responded faster than in its absence, whereas the presence of a late intonational cue only led to faster response times and did not affect the timing of participants' eye movements. The results show that with a combination of eye-movement and turn-transition time measures it is possible to tease apart the effects of early planning and response initiation on turn timing. They are consistent with models of turn-taking that assume that next speakers (a) start planning their response as soon as the incoming turn's message can be understood and (b) monitor the incoming turn for cues to turn-completion so as to initiate their response when turn-transition becomes relevant.
The paper reviews the results of work done in the context of TEI-Lex0, a joint ENeL / DARIAH / PARTHENOS initiative aimed at formulating guidelines for the encoding of retrodigitized dictionaries by streamlining and simplifying the recommendations of the “Print Dictionaries” chapter of the TEI Guidelines. TEI-Lex0 work is performed by teams concentrating on each of the main components of dictionary entries. The work presented here concerns proposals for constraining TEI-based encoding of orthographic, phonetic, and grammatical information on written and spoken forms of the lemma (headword), including auxiliary inflected forms. We also adduce examples of handling various types of orthographic and phonetic variants, as well as examples of handling the representation of inflectional paradigms, which have received less attention in the TEI Guidelines but which are nonetheless essential for properly exposing data content to the various uses that digitized lexica may have.
CoMParS is a resource under construction in the context of the long-term project German Grammar in European Comparison (GDE) at the IDS Mannheim. The principal goal of GDE is to create a novel contrastive grammar of German against the background of other European languages. Alongside German, which is the central focus, the core languages for comparison are English, French, Hungarian and Polish, representing different typological classes. Unlike traditional contrastive grammars available for German, which usually cover language pairs and are based on formal grammatical categories, the new GDE grammar is developed in the spirit of functionalist typology. This implies that, instead of formal criteria, cognitively motivated functional domains in terms of Givón (1984) are used as tertia comparationis. The purpose of CoMParS is to document the empirical basis of the theoretical assumptions of GDE-V and to illustrate the otherwise rather abstract content of grammar books by as many as possible naturally occurring and adequately presented multilingual examples, including information on their use in specific contexts and registers. These examples come from existing parallel corpora, and our presentation will focus on the legal aspects and consequences of this choice of language data.