Refine
Year of publication
- 2013 (12) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (6)
- Part of a Book (5)
- Book (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (12) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (12)
Keywords
- Englisch (12) (remove)
Publicationstate
- Postprint (3)
- Veröffentlichungsversion (2)
- Zweitveröffentlichung (1)
Reviewstate
- Peer-Review (3)
- (Verlags)-Lektorat (2)
- Peer review (1)
Publisher
- Institut für Deutsche Sprache (5)
- Akademie Verlag (1)
- Benjamins (1)
- Cambridge University Press (1)
- De Gruyter (1)
- J. B. Metzler (1)
The authors compare the use of two formats for requesting an object in informal everyday interaction: imperatives, common in our Polish data, and second-person polar questions, common in our English data. Imperatives and polar questions are selected in the same interactional “home environments” across the languages, in which they enact two social actions: drawing on shared responsibility and enlisting assistance, respectively. Speakers across the languages differ in their choice of request format in “mixed” interactional environments that support either. The finding shed light on the orderly ways in which cultural diversity is grounded in invariants of action formation.
An experiment on the English caused motion construction in adult- and child-directed speech was conducted to assess in how far (i) verbal frequency biases and (ii) a register-specific preference for explicit and redundant coding influence speakers' selection of argument structure constructions during speaking. Subjects retold the contents of short cartoon video clips to adult and child interaction partners. The stimuli showed events of caused motion which suggested designations with verbs for which caused motion-complementation was either (i) uncommon/unattested, (ii) conventional or (iii) the dominant usage in a sample extracted from the BNC. The results show a significant tendency to avoid more compacted coding (using the caused motion construction instead of a possible two-clause paraphrase) in child-directed speech. At the same time, they also point to an interaction between the register-specific preference for explicitness and verbs' relative conventionality in the construction that neutralizes the effect for verbs that are highly frequent in the target environment.
Construction-based language models assume that grammar is meaningful and learnable from experience. Focusing on five of the most elementary argument structure constructions of English, a large-scale corpus study of child-directed speech (CDS) investigates exactly which meanings/functions are associated with these patterns in CDS, and whether they are indeed specially indicated to children by their caretakers (as suggested by previous research, cf. Goldberg, Casenhiser and Sethuraman 2004). Collostructional analysis (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2003) is employed to uncover significantly attracted verb-construction combinations, and attracted pairs are classified semantically in order to systematise the attested usage patterns of the target constructions. The results indicate that the structure of the input may aid learners in making the right generalisations about constructional usage patterns, but such scaffolding is not strictly necessary for construction learning: not all argument structure constructions are coherently semanticised to the same extent (in the sense that they designate a single schematic event type of the kind envisioned in Goldberg’s [1995] ‘scene encoding hypothesis’), and they also differ in the extent to which individual semantic subtypes predominate in learners’ input
The term ‘marketing communications’ is used to denote communications by means of various persuasive messages about products, organizations, candidates and ideas that marketers send to audiences to build up knowledge of the mentioned objects, to evoke positive attitudes towards them, to stimulate the audience to act in a certain way (buy, use, vote, approve) and remain loyal to them. Possibly the most dominant type of marketing communications in our culture is advertising, but there are many other effective forms of marketing persuasion (public relations, sponsorship, point-of-sale communications, sales promotion, event marketing, product placement, etc.). Advertising uses mass media channels (traditional and new media) to contact and interact with the audiences, and thus the language of advertising has become a special form of mass media language.
Quality journalism offers its educated readers unsimplified linguistic usage which comprises standard collocations, phrases and utterances on the one hand, and occasional word-combinations, deformed idioms and quotations on the other. The former belong to the language system and reside in a variety of unilingual dictionaries, whereas the latter are confined to speech and have little chance of being registered by lexicographers.
In the present article I have decided to focus on the analysis of one of the most "traditional", but still fast-developing and ever-changing type of advertising – on the analysis of advertising in the press. The more my colleagues, students, and I try to analyse, scrutinise and describe particular aspects of advertising, the more obvious it is that to make this analysis authentic and reliable from the theoretical point of view and important from the practical point of view, it is necessary to suggest a universal approach to the study.
Television news discourse
(2013)
In this paper, the author develops the narrative approach to TV news discourse as follows: with the categories of the narrator, the “voices” of the narrator, points of view, the composition of narrative, and the recipient's image. A brief review of the basic peculiarities of the Russian discourse is given as an illustration.
Freezing in it-clefts
(2013)
Thoughts on what kind of dictionaries and why they are necessary for journalists lead to the conclusion: first of all, dictionaries of pronunciation are interesting for them. Radio and television journalists need pronouncing dictionaries. In this regard, there are such modern dictionaries as “The Dictionary of Russian Pronunciation Difficulties” (Kalenchuk/Kasatkina 2006), “The Dictionary of Emphasis for Radio and TV announcers” (Vvedenskaja 2004) and “The Dictionary of Perfect Russian Emphasis” (Shtudiner 2007). Dictionary reference books that help to avoid some spelling mistakes are necessary in the newspaper practice. This type of publication includes “The Abridged Dictionary of Russian Language Difficulties for the Workers of the Press” (1968) that contains about 400 words, and reference books such as: “Word Usage Difficulties in TV and Broadcasting” (Gajmakova/Menkevich 1998) and “Russian Language Difficulties” by Rakhmanova (ed.) (1994).