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FnhdC/HTML und FnhdC/S
(2007)
Der Beitrag verfolgt zwei Zielsetzungen: eine deskriptive und eine methodologische. Auf der Ebene grammatischer Beschreibung erfolgt eine Analyse der deutschen Relativsatzkonstruktion aus der Gegenüberstellung mit entsprechenden Konstruktionen anderer europäischer Sprachen heraus, insbesondere mit Konstruktionen des Englischen, Französischen, Polnischen und Ungarischen, den Kernkontrastsprachen des Projekts „Grammatik des Deutschen im europäischen Vergleich“. Dabei wird auf die zentralen Projektkonzepte ‘funktionale Domäne’ und ‘Varianzparameter’ rekurriert. Die funktionale Domäne des Relativsatzes wird als Beitrag zu der übergreifenden Funktion nominaler Konstruktionen, nämlich der Referenz, bestimmt und zwar als referentielle Modifikation des begrifflichen Kerns durch einen verankernden Sachverhalt. Von den die Sprachen differenzierenden Parametrisierungen werden drei herausgegriffen und in ihrer Korrelation diskutiert. In methodologischer Hinsicht soll am Beispiel des Relativsatzes gezeigt werden, in welcher Weise typologische Generalisierungen, Kontraste zwischen – in diesem Fall überwiegend nah verwandten bzw. über Sprachkontakte miteinander verbundenen – Sprachen und einzelsprachenspezifische Eigenschaften aufeinander zu beziehen sind, immer im Dienst einer besseren Einsicht in das Funktionieren des Deutschen.
Jaw and Order
(2007)
It is well-accepted that the jaw plays an active role in influencing vowel height. The general aim of the current study is to further investigate the extent to which the jaw is active in producing consonantal distinctions, with specific focus on coronal consonants. Therefore, tongue tip and jaw positions are compared for the German coronal consonants Is, J, t, d, n, 1/, that is, consonants having the same active articulators (apical/laminal) but differing in manner of articulation. In order to test the stability of articulatory positions for each of these coronal consonants, a natural perturbation paradigm was introduced by recording two levels of vocal effort: comfortable, and loud without shouting. Tongue and jaw movements of five speakers of German were recorded by means of EMMA during /aCa/ sequences. By analyzing the tongue tip and jaw positions and their spatial variability we found that (1) the jaw's contribution to these consonants varies with manner of articulation, and (2) for all coronal consonants the positions are stable across loudness conditions except for those of the nasal. Results are discussed with respect to the tasks of the jaw, and the possible articulatory adjustments that may accompany louder speech.
Lexicographic data are normally linked with each other in a complex manner. Especially, within the electronic lexicographic context, the following issues are addressed: How to encode these cross-reference structures so that both the lexicographers‘ editorial work with the linking-up is easy to handle and the options of the presentation are adequately flexible. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the presentation of an XML-modelling of cross-reference structures as part of a complete modelling concept. Thereby, the modelling potential of the XML-connected standard XLink and a new lexicographic concept will be brought together with cross-project guidelines for the modelling of link-structures.
Automatic summarization systems usually are trained and evaluated in a particular domain with fixed data sets. When such a system is to be applied to slightly different input, labor- and cost-intensive annotations have to be created to retrain the system. We deal with this problem by providing users with a GUI which allows them to correct automatically produced imperfect summaries. The corrected summary in turn is added to the pool of training data. The performance of the system is expected to improve as it adapts to the new domain.
In this contribution we present some work of the R&D European project “LIRICS” and of the ISO/TC 37/SC 4 committee related to the topic of interoperability and re-use of language resources. We introduce some basic mechanisms of the standardization work in ISO and describe in more details the general approach on how to cope with the annotation of language data within ISO.
Lexical resources are often represented in table form, e. g., in relational databases, or represented in specially marked up texts, for example, in document based XML models. This paper describes how it is possible to model lexical structures as graphs and how this model can be used to exploit existing lexical resources and even how different types of lexical resources can be combined.
We present an implemented system for the resolution of it, this, and that in transcribed multi-party dialog. The system handles NP-anaphoric as well as discourse-deictic anaphors, i.e. pronouns with VP antecedents. Selectional preferences for NP or VP antecedents are determined on the basis of corpus counts. Our results show that the system performs significantly better than a recency-based baseline.