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studierfähig – studierbar. Die semantischen Rollen von Aktiv und Passiv bei deverbativen Adjektiven
(2024)
Mehrsprachigkeit gehört zu den Themen, zu denen wohl viele Menschen eine Meinung haben. Der Wert traditioneller schulischer Fremdsprachen wird dabei häufig hervorgehoben, während Wert und Erhalt von Herkunftssprachen Zugewanderter hinterfragt werden. Einstellungen gegenüber Sprachen sind demnach abhängig vom Prestige der jeweiligen Sprachen und ihrer Sprecher:innen. Dies geschieht vor dem Hintergrund, dass Deutschland überwiegend als ein einsprachiges Land mit einer einsprachigen Gesellschaft angesehen wird. Ähnliches gilt im Übrigen auch für Österreich. So schreibt beispielsweise der Sprachwissenschaftler Heiko Marten, „dass in der Wahrnehmung großer Teile der österreichischen Gesellschaft Monolingualismus nach wie vor die Norm ist“ (Marten 2016, S. 165). Diese Annahme gilt auch für den schulischen Kontext, wie die Erziehungswissenschaftlerin Ingrid Gogolin mit dem Begriff des „monolingualen Habitus“ herausgearbeitet hat (vgl. Gogolin 2008). Gründe für einen monolingualen Habitus könnten darin liegen, dass „von Teilen der Allgemeinheit oft übersehen [wird], dass in Deutschland auch zahlreiche weitere Sprachen gesprochen werden“ (Marten 2016, S. 148). Doch was passiert nun, wenn eine Sprache einen Statuswechsel von Landessprache zu Herkunftssprache durchläuft? Was lässt sich beobachten, wenn beispielsweise das Deutsche zu einer Minderheitensprache wird?
Gestures can be brief and compact in their execution, but also elaborate and extended. One way to utilise this kinetic flexibility is to extend one’s gesture in time by holding it in its stroke position. This study explores the interactional function of gestural holds by investigating pointing gestures that are sustained beyond a sequence-initiating turn and into the responsive space following it. The study draws on video data from naturally occurring conversations in German and focuses on held pointing gestures after instructions and questions. It is shown that in both action environments, participants delay gestural closure to indicate that they still consider the addressee’s response to be insufficient.
In this contribution we analyse how mobile device users in face-to-face communication jointly negotiate the boundaries and action spaces between digital and non-digital, shared and individual, public and private. Instead of conceptualising digital and face-to-face, i. e., non-digital, communication as separate, more recent research emphasises that social practices relying on mobile devices increasingly connect physical and virtual communicative spaces. Using multimodal conversation analysis, we investigate the situated use of mobile devices and media in social interaction. Excerpts from videotaped everyday conversations illustrate how participants frame their smartphone use in the presence of others, such as when looking at digital pictures, or when recording voice messages. A detailed analysis of verbal and embodied conduct shows how participants negotiate and interpret the connection or separation of digital and non-digital activities and possible forms of participation within these. (Digital) publicness or privacy are therefore to be understood as an interactive accomplishment.
In diesem Beitrag werden Komposita mit den relationalen Zweitgliedern Gatte und Gattin aus genderlinguistischer Perspektive untersucht, basierend auf manuell annotiertem zeitungssprachlichen Korpusmaterial. Frauen werden im analysierten Korpus ca. 12-mal häufiger in ihrer ehelichen Rolle versprachlicht als Männer. Statistische Analysen zeigen, dass sie dabei systematisch in ein possessives Verhältnis zum Ehemann gesetzt werden (Arztgattin = Gattin eines Arztes), während Ehemänner in den untersuchten Komposita tendenziell doppelt individualisiert werden (Arztgatte = Gatte, der Arzt ist). Neben den Zweitgliedern geben auch die Genera der beiden Konstituenten Aufschluss über die kodierte Bedeutungsrelation: Genusgleichheit (Kanzlergatte) führt zu einer qualifizierenden, Genusdivergenz (Kanzleringatte) zu einer possessiven Lesart. Die Analyse belegt außerdem die Existenz movierter Kompositumserstglieder – diese sind sogar die häufigste Form zur Benennung weiblicher Personen im Erstglied. Trotzdem herrscht bei der Bezugnahme auf Frauen eine größere Formenvarianz als bei Männern, welche fast ausschließlich mit maskulinen Erstgliedern versprachlicht werden. Damit zeigt die Studie, wie genderlinguistische Perspektiven auch im Bereich der Wortbildung einen neuen Analysezugang bilden.
Drawing upon the transformative power of questions, the paper investigates questioning sequences from authentic coaching data to examine the systematic use of a particular succession of formulation and question and its impact on inviting self-reflection processes in the client and eliciting change. The object of investigation in this paper are therefore questioning sequences in which a coach asks a question immediately after a rephrasing or relocating action, prompting the client to respond in an explicit or implicit way. The coach hereby shifts the focus to a hypothetical scenario, prompting the client to change her perspective on the matter and reflect on her own statements, ideas and attitudes from an outside perspective. The paper aims to contribute to closing the research gap of the change potential of reflection-stimulating action techniques used by coaches, by investigating one of many ways of how questions can be powerful tools to invite a change of perspective for the client. The study focuses on one coaching process consisting of three sessions between a female coach and a female client, utilizing a single case study approach. The data collection was part of the interdisciplinary project “Questioning Sequences in Coaching”, comprising 14 authentic coaching processes. The analysis follows Peräkylä’s Transformative Sequences model, examining the first position including the formulation and the subsequent question, the client’s response, and the coach’s reaction to the response. On a practical level, the main purpose of this paper is not to contribute to the many ways practical literature recommends coaches how to do their work and how to ask questions, but rather to show in what ways the elicitation of self-reflection processes in clients has been achieved by other coaches in authentic coaching sessions.
This study aims to establish what lexical factors make it more likely for dictionary users to consult specific articles in a dictionary using the English Wiktionary log files, which include records of user visits over the course of 6 years. Recent findings suggest that lexical frequency is a significant factor predicting look-up behavior, with the more frequent words being more likely to be consulted. Three further lexical factors are brought into focus: (1) age of acquisition; (2) lexical prevalence; and (3) degree of polysemy operationalized as the number of dictionary senses. Age of acquisition and lexical prevalence data were obtained from recent published studies and linked to the list of visited Wiktionary lemmas, whereas polysemy status was derived from Wiktionary entries themselves. Regression modeling confirms the significance of corpus frequency in explaining user interest in looking up words in the dictionary. However, the remaining three factors also make a contribution whose nature is discussed and interpreted. Knowing what makes dictionary users look up words is both theoretically interesting and practically useful to lexicographers, telling them which lexical items should be prioritized in lexicographic work.
This contribution explores the relationship between the English CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) vocabulary levels and user interest in English Wiktionary entries. User interest was operationalized through the number of views of these entries in Wikimedia server logs covering a period of four years (2019–2022). Our findings reveal a significant relationship between CEFR levels and user interest: entries classified at lower CEFR levels tend to attract more views, which suggests a greater user interest in more basic vocabulary. A multiple regression model controlling for other known or potential factors affecting interest: corpus frequency, polysemy, word prevalence, and age of acquisition confirmed that lower CEFR levels attract significantly more views even after taking into account the other predictors. These findings highlight the importance of CEFR levels in predicting which words users are likely to look up, with implications for lexicography and the development of language learning materials.