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The Lyon’s team research task consists in the study of the way in which multilingual resources are mobilized in team work within collaborative activities; how they are exploited in a specific way in order both to enhance collaboration and to respect the specificities of the members’ linguistic competences and practices within the team. Central to our analytical work, which is inspired by ethnomethodological conversation analysis, is the relationship between multilingual resources and the situated organization of linguistic uses and of social practices.
This paper aims at contributing to the analysis of overlaps in turns-at-talk from both a sequential and a multimodal perspective. Overlaps have been studied within Conversation Analysis by focusing mainly on verbal and vocal resources; taking into account multimodal resources such as gesture, bodily posture, and gaze contributes to a better understanding of participants’ orientations to the sequential organization of overlapping talk and their management of speakership. First, we introduce the way in which overlaps have been studied in Conversation Analysis, mainly by Jefferson (1973, 1983, 2004) and Schegloff (2000); then we propose possible implications of their multimodal analysis. In order to demonstrate that speakers systematically orient to the overlap onset and resolution we analyze the multimodal conduct of overlapped speakers. Findings show methodical variations in trajectories of overlap resolution: speakers’ gestures in overlap display themselves as maintaining or withdrawing their turn, thereby exhibiting the speakership achieved and negotiated during overlap.
This paper offers a detailed analysis of the opening of an international meeting. English Lingua Franca as the official language of the meeting is actively discussed and negotiated by the participants. The analysis highlights the issues identified by the participants themselves in choosing a linguistic regime for their professional exchanges. The English Lingua Franca regime is aimed at facilitating the participation of some of the participants, but creates problems for others, too. The chairman deals with this situation in an embodied way (through his gaze, gesture, bodily postures, and by the way in which he walks through the room), displaying that he orients to different member categories (such as 'anglophone', 'anglophone who can understand French', 'francophile', etc.) as benefitting from or resisting against the definitive language choice.
This article presents a revised version of GAT, a transcription system first devel-oped by a group of German conversation analysts and interactional linguists in 1998. GAT tries to follow as many principles and conventions as possible of the Jefferson-style transcription used in Conversation Analysis, yet proposes some conventions which are more compatible with linguistic and phonetic analyses of spoken language, especially for the representation of prosody in talk-in-interaction. After ten years of use by researchers in conversation and discourse analysis, the original GAT has been revised, against the background of past experience and in light of new necessities for the transcription of corpora arising from technologi-cal advances and methodological developments over recent years. The present text makes GAT accessible for the English-speaking community. It presents the GAT 2 transcription system with all its conventions and gives detailed instructions on how to transcribe spoken interaction at three levels of delicacy: minimal, basic and fine. In addition, it briefly introduces some tools that may be helpful for the user: the German online tutorial GAT-TO and the transcription editing software FOLKER.
In den letzten Jahren entwickelten sich in vielen europäischen Großstädten unter Jugendlichen der 2. und 3. Migrantengeneration ethnolektale Formen des Deutschen. Sie sind charakteristisch für multilinguale Kontexte, in denen Sprecher unterschiedlicher Herkunftssprachen die regionale Umgangssprache des Landes, in dem sie leben, als lingua franca benutzen. Die neuen Formen haben große Überschneidungsbereiche mit den regionalen Varietäten, unterscheiden sich aber prosodisch- phonetisch, lexikalisch und morphosyntaktisch. Meist werden sie nur in bestimmten Kontexten verwendet, und die Sprecher wechseln virtuos zwischen regionalen Varietäten, Herkunftsvarietäten, sprachlichen Mischungen und ethnolektalen Formen.
Auf der Basis von drei ethnografischen Fallstudien in Mannheim wird gezeigt, wie die von den Migrantenjugendlichen entwickelten ethnolektalen Formen aussehen und zu welchen Zwecken die Jugendlichen sie verwenden. Die Jugendlichen haben ein weites Sprachrepertoire, verfugen über ethnolektale sowie standardnahe Formen und nutzen die Differenz zwischen beiden als kommunikative Ressource.
This paper provides a unified semantic and discourse pragmatic analysis of the German particle nämlich, traditionally described as having a specificational and an explanative reading. Our claim is that nämlich is a discourse marker which signals that the expression it is attached to is a short (elliptic) answer to a salient implicit question about the previous utterance. We show how both the explanative and the specificational reading can be derived from this more general semantic contribution. In addition we discuss some cross linguistic consequences of our analysis.
Linguistic variation and linguistic virtuosity of young “Ghetto”-migrants in Mannheim, Germany
(2011)
In this paper, we provide an insight into the life world and social experiences of young Turkish migrants who are categorised by German society as “social problem cases”. Based on natural conversational data, we describe the communicative repertoire of one migrant adolescent and that of his friends. Our aims are (a) to isolate those linguistic features that convey the impression of “foreignness”, and stand out among other German speakers’ features, and (b) to analyse the variability in our informants’ discursive practices - i.e. code- or style-switching, as it is commonly referred to in the literature - in order to show how variation serves as a communicative resource. Our findings show that these adolescents’ remarkable linguistic proficiency and communicative competence contrast markedly to their low educational and professional status.
Medizinische Kommunikation
(2011)
Varietäten im Diskurs
(2011)
Der Beitrag präsentiert ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zum Dialekt-Standard-Gebrauch in einer Schulklasse im mittelschwäbischen Sprachraum (vgl. KNÖBL 2008). Dabei wird auf das Erkenntnisinteresse, die Datengrundlage und die Analysemethode eingegangen. An Analysebeispielen wird gezeigt, dass sich die in der Untersuchung kombiniert eingesetzten quantitativ und qualitativ orientierten methodischen Verfahren ergänzen. Die variablenanalytisch und interaktionsanalytisch gewonnenen Ergebnisse belegen, dass bei den untersuchten Lehrern und Schülern der Gebrauch linguistischer Formen strukturiert ist und in Bezug zu kommunikativen Anforderungen steht.
Industrielle Prozessmodellierung als kommunikativer Prozess. Eine Typologie zentraler Probleme
(2011)
Der Beitrag diskutiert mündliche Interaktionen als Bestandteil industrieller Prozessmodellierungsmethoden unter dem Aspekt der dabei auftretenden kommunikativen Probleme und ihrer systematisierenden Darstellung. Die vorgestellte Typologie stützt sich auf die gesprächsanalytische Auswertung authentischer Daten einer Feldstudie, in der die Methodik der industriellen Prozessmodellierung in einem Unternehmen exemplarisch durchgeführt wurde. Die Methodik ist kommunikationsintensiv; sie enthält ein breites Spektrum mündlich, schriftlich und grafisch-symbolisch zu bearbeitender Aufgaben. Die ermittelten Probleme ihrer Bearbeitung lassen sich drei Bereichen zuordnen: vorhabensbezogene, arbeitsorganisationsbezogene und kommunikationsbezogene Probleme. Jeder Bereich umfasst Untertypen von Problemen, die aus dem Vollzug sprachlich-kommunikativer Handlungen resultieren und/oder sich sprachlich manifestieren. Zwei weitere Problembereiche – Transformations- und Multimodalitätsprobleme – werden genannt, aber nicht ausführlich behandelt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie werden für die Gestaltung von Kommunikationstrainings für Ingenieure genutzt.