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In this paper, we investigate the practical applicability of Co-Training for the task of building a classifier for reference resolution. We are concerned with the question if Co-Training can significantly reduce the amount of manual labeling work and still produce a classifier with an acceptable performance.
We describe a simple and efficient Java object model and application programming interface (API) for (possibly multi-modal) annotated natural language corpora. Corpora are represented as elements like Sentences, Turns, Utterances, Words, Gestures and Markables. The API allows linguists to access corpora in terms of these discourse-level elements, i.e. at a conceptual level they are familiar with, with the flexibility offered by a general purpose programming language. It is also a contribution to corpus standardization efforts because it is based on a straightforward and easily extensible data model which can serve as a target for conversion of different corpus formats.
The main point of this chapter is to demonstrate how a speaker’s concept of his/her professional role can be inferred from his/her perspectival work (perspective setting and relating different perspectives to one another) in professional encounters. Thereby some risks of complex perspectival work in discourse will become manifest which result - at one point in the talk - in perspectival inconsistency, revealing a deeply grounded social problem for the speaker. This will be examined in the framework of a rhetorical conversation analysis.
Online Access Tools for Spoken German: The Resources of the Deutsches Spracharchiv in a Database
(2002)
This paper shows some details of the modernization of the Deutsches Spracharchiv (DSAv). It explores some future possibilities of linguistical documentation and analysis using the Web. The Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim is the central institution for linguistic research in Germany. The DSAv in the IDS is the center for documentation and research of spoken German. These archives include the largest collection of sound recordings of spoken German (dialects and colloquial speech, including e.g. lots of extinct dialects of former German territories in Eastern Europe) - altogether more than 15,000 sound recordings. The lacking clarification and accessibility of this data material has been felt as an essential deficit. The opportunity to edit the sound signal digitally offers a much easier access to spoken language. Through the integration of the already existing information about the corpora and the transcribed texts in an information- and full text databank, as well as the linking of the data with the acoustic signal (alignment), arises a data-pool with considerably better documentation of the materials and a fast direct grasp of the recorded sounds. Thus, the DSAv initiates totally new research questions for the work at the IDS, as well as for linguistics altogether.
Traditionally, research on language change has been a post-mortem activity, focused on isolated changes that are complete and often only documented in written texts. In the 1960s the field was advanced considerably by Labovian sociolinguistics and the investigation of “change in progress” adduced through patterns of community-internal linguistic variation correlated with external facts about speakers such as age and class (see Labov 1994 for an overview). However, despite the many benefits of such work on “dynamic synchrony,” we still know relatively little about how language change unfolds over the lifetimes of individual speakers, that is, in real time (cf. Bailey et al. 1991). The logistical challenges of such research are, of course, considerable. Whereas it is straightforward for psycholinguists to observe language development in children over the course of a few years, documenting changes in the verbal behavior of individuals over several decades is by contrast much less feasible. Nevertheless, present theoretical models of language change could be considerably improved by the results of real-time studies.
The concept of text coherence was developed for linear text, i.e. text of sequentially organized content. The present article addresses to what extent this concept can be applied to hypertext. Following the introduction (section 1), I will define different aspects of text coherence (section 2). I will then explain the importance of the sequential order of text constituents for coherence-building, as explored by empirical studies on text comprehension (section 3). Section 4 discusses how hypertext-specific forms of reading affect the processes of coherence-building and coherence-design. Section 5 explores how the new challenges of hypertext comprehension may be met by hypertext-specific coherence cues. A summary and outlook is included (section 6).