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This paper describes the results of an empirical investigation carried out within the project Lessico Multilingue dei Beni Culturali (LBC), whose aim is to create a multilingual online dictionary of the lexicon of the Italian artistic heritage. The dictionary, whose lexicographic process has already started, is intended for linguists and specialist translators as well as for professionals in the tourism sector and students of Foreign Languages and Literatures. The investigation conducted through a questionnaire submitted to undergraduate students at the University of Milan and at the University of Florence has a double aim: to research the habits in the use of lexicographic tools by possible users of the dictionary (Italian Learners of German Language), and to identify preferences regarding macro-, medio- and microstructural features of the future LBC-dictionary to realize a user-friendly tool. After a brief introduction on the state of the art of the survey in the field of Dictionary Users Studies, the article describes the questionnaire and the results obtained from the pilot study. A summary and a discussion on the future developments of the project conclude the work.
Plädoyer für die Entwicklung einer digital-lexikografischen Kompetenz im Fremdsprachenunterricht
(2019)
The aim of this paper is to promote an explicit and active development of digital-lexicographical competence in foreign language teaching. The results of two online surveys conducted as part of the research project DICONALE-COMBIDIGILEX in connection with the teaching and learning process of German as a foreign language (= DaF) provide a comparative insight into the behaviour and attitude of both teachers and learners of DaF on the topic “Use of lexicographical resources in the process of DaF-acquisition”. The evaluation of the surveys shows, that the digitallexicographical competences in the process of DaF-acquisition must be promoted more intensively, since the existing lexicographic offer is not optimally used for teaching purposes both on the part of the teachers and on the part of the learners. To this end, the following three main lexicographical competences will be examined from a methodological-didactic and application-oriented perspective: (i) Adequate selection of the electronic resource regarding the communicative situation, (ii) development of disambiguation strategies for reception in L2 or translation from L2 and (iii) development of strategies for production and translation into L2. This research will ultimately lead to a debate on the use of the dictionary in the digital environment in the DaF-teaching and discuss its actual influence on the learning process.
In the past two decades, more and more dictionary usage studies have been published, but most of them deal with the question what users appreciate about dictionaries, which dictionaries they use and which information they need in specific situations. These studies presuppose that users indeed consult lexicographic resources. However, language teachers and lecturers of linguistics often have the impression that students use too few high-quality dictionaries in their every-day work. Against this background, we started an international cooperation project to collect empirical data evaluating that impression. Our aim was to evaluate what students (here from the Romance language area) actually do when they correct language problems. We used a new methodological setting to do this (screen recording with a thinking-aloud task). The empirical data we gained offers a broad insight into what language users really do when solving language-related tasks today.
Wiegand’s opus magnum „Wörterbuchforschung“ ends with a chapter on the state and the relevant taslcs for research into dictionary use in the middle of the 1990s. This article aims at reflecting the taste and the relevance of dictionary usage research 20 years later. I will argue that the fundamentally changed lexicographic landscape makes it necessary to shift the focus of research. In my view, the most important aim of research into dictionary use can no longer be limited to improving dictionaries. Research into dictionary use should also raise more awareness for user- orientation in general and should provide methodological reflection to enlighten the increasingly important usage statistics for online dictionaries. Another goal should be to look behind the scenes of collaborative dictionaries in order to provide background data to classify their relevance in relation to dictionaries elaborated by lexicographic experts. The crisis of lexicography makes it also necessary to broaden our view and concentrate on situations in which linguistic questions arise. In this context, we could examine in which of these situations the consultation of lexicographic data helps. In summary, the aim of research into dictionary use is to identify the fields where sound lexicographic work is really helpful for potential users.
Die Benutzung von Onlinewörterbüchern ist bislang wenig erforscht. Am Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim wurde versucht, diese Forschungslücke mit einem Projekt zur Benutzungsforschung zumindest zum Teil schließen (s. www.benutzungsforschung.de). Die empirischen Studien wurden methodisch sowohl in Form von Onlinefragebögen, die neben befragenden auch experimentelle Elemente enthielten, als auch anhand eines Labortests (mit Eyetracking-Verfahren) durchgeführt. Die erste Studie untersuchte generell die Anlässe und sozialen Situationen der Verwendung von Onlinewörterbüchern sowie die Ansprüche, die Nutzer an Onlinewörterbücher stellen. An der zweisprachigen Onlinestudie (deutsch/englisch) nahmen international fast 700 Probanden teil. Durch die hohe Resonanz auf die erste Studie und den daraus folgenden Wunsch, die gewonnenen Informationen empirisch zu vertiefen, richtet sich auch die die zweite Studie an ein internationales Publikum und schloss inhaltlich an die erste Studie an. Später konzentrierten sich die Studien auf monolinguale deutsche Onlinewörterbücher wie elexiko (Studien 3 und 4), sowie auf das Wörterbuchportal OWID (Studie 5). Im Vortrag werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Studien vorgestellt.