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Construction-based language models assume that grammar is meaningful and learnable from experience. Focusing on five of the most elementary argument structure constructions of English, a large-scale corpus study of child-directed speech (CDS) investigates exactly which meanings/functions are associated with these patterns in CDS, and whether they are indeed specially indicated to children by their caretakers (as suggested by previous research, cf. Goldberg, Casenhiser and Sethuraman 2004). Collostructional analysis (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2003) is employed to uncover significantly attracted verb-construction combinations, and attracted pairs are classified semantically in order to systematise the attested usage patterns of the target constructions. The results indicate that the structure of the input may aid learners in making the right generalisations about constructional usage patterns, but such scaffolding is not strictly necessary for construction learning: not all argument structure constructions are coherently semanticised to the same extent (in the sense that they designate a single schematic event type of the kind envisioned in Goldberg’s [1995] ‘scene encoding hypothesis’), and they also differ in the extent to which individual semantic subtypes predominate in learners’ input
We taught a humanoid robot a number of different actions involving a number of different objects (e.g., touching a green object, moving a red object etc.) alongside a number of simplified linguistic labels for these behaviours (e.g., ‘touch-green’, ‘move-red’ etc.). The robot managed to learn the associations between the behaviours and their linguistic labels, and it succeeded in recognising the compositional structure of the behaviours and their associated linguistic descriptions (ACTION/VERB+OBJECT/NOUN). Moreover, it was able to generalise the learned instructions to novel, previously untrained action+object-combinations (e.g., touch-red). This corresponds to the task of learning and decomposing so-called ‘holophrases’ in early child language acquisition.
Das Benennungsspiel in der frühen Erwachsenen-Kind-Interaktion : eine Longitudinalstudie auf Deutsch
(2013)
In spring 2002, we celebrated the inauguration of the first German-Russian-Jewish kindergarten in Berlin. Nowadays, there are seven bilingual German-Russian kindergartens with 4 60 places and 78 bilingual kindergartens with other combinations of languages [SENBWF]. Maybe it is not enough, taking into account the large proportion o f immigrants in the population of Berlin1. And yet, much progress has been achieved, endorsing the fact that German society has begun to change its attitude towards other languages on its territory. The initial request for German monolingualism first changed into societal tolerance of multilingualism and eventually to the recognition o f the value of multilingualism. This process is a very slow one, and it is not yet complete. In my article, I would like to look at the development in the last few years of the political framework that has made possible, on the one hand, the opening of bilingual kindergartens in Berlin, and on the other hand, to consider what has hampered this process until now. I would like to emphasise three most important political spheres: linguistic, educational and integrational.
In dem Beitrag werden jüngste Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Sprachpolitik, der Bildungspolitik und der Integrationspolitik in Deutschland dargestellt, die ein neues Verhältnis zur Mehrsprachigkeit erkennen lassen und die Schaffung zweisprachiger Bildungseinrichtungen ermöglichen. Die deutsche Version dieses Beitrags ist nicht veröffentlicht, wohl aber die russische Version "Политические рамочные условия для создания и развития двуязычных детских дошкольных учреждений в Берлине" und die englische Version "The political framework for creation and development of bilingual Kindergartens in Berlin".
Im Rahmen einer von der DFG geförderten Forschergruppe „Sprachvariation als kommunikative Praxis: Formale und funktionale Parameter“ (2000-2004), die aus Projekten der Universität Mannheim und dem IDS bestand, entwickelte sich eine enge Kooperation zwischen Uni- und IDS-Wissenschaftler(inne)n. Angeregt durch die bildungspolitischen Diskussionen im Anschluss an die PISA-Studien (schlechte Schul- und Ausbildungsergebnisse bei Migrantenkindern, hohe Arbeitslosenquote bei Migrantenjugendlichen)1 und bestärkt durch erste Ergebnisse aus unseren Untersuchungen zur sprachlichen und sozialen Situation von Migrantenkindern und Jugendlichen in Mannheim, 2 entstand die Idee zur Entwicklung und Durchführung von Sprach- und Wissensförderung für Migrantenkinder an Mannheimer Schulen. Das staatliche Schulamt Mannheim unterstützte die Initiative zur Förderung von Migrantenkindern von Beginn an.