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Deutsch in Finnland
(2017)
In meinem Artikel behandele ich den Umfang des Deutschunterrichtes an Schulen und Universitäten sowie die Verwendung des Deutschen in Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft in Finnland, vor allem im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert. Zunächst aber will ich die Geschichte der deutschen Kontakte und die Rolle der deutschen Sprache in bestimmten finnischen Städten sowie den Anteil Deutschsprachiger in der modernen finnischen Gesellschaft beleuchten. Nicht behandelt werden kann in diesem Zusammenhang die Lektüre und Übersetzung deutscher Belletristik, obwohl beide bedeutenden Einfluss auf die finnische Gedankenwelt und die literarische Bildung gehabt haben.
Using multimodal conversation analysis, we investigate how novices learning the “inner body” acting technique in the context of a community theater project share their experiences of the bodily exercises through verbal and embodied conduct. We focus on how verbal description and bodily enactment of the experience mutually elaborate each other, and how the experienced sensorimotor and affective qualities are made to be witnessed and recognized by the others. Participants describe their experiences without naming qualities. Instead, a display of the experienced qualities is made accessible to others through coordinating the unfolding talk and bodily conduct. In particular, we show how grammatical and action projection is fulfilled by interconnected verbal and embodied conduct, with body movement and posture giving off ineffable experiential qualities. The moving body appears both as a source of the experience and as a resource for depicting perceived qualities to others; additional resources (non-specific person reference and gaze aversion) contribute to organizing the subjective and intersubjective layers of the reflection of the experiences. The study contributes to and extends recent research on sensoriality in interaction by focusing on phenomena of proprioception and interoception. The data are two cases drawn from 60 h of video-recordings made in the context of a devised community theater project. The data are in Finnish with English translations.
Social media, as the fifth estate, increasingly influence public discourses and play a major role in shaping public opinion. Undoubtedly, they have the potential to promote participation and democracy. On the other side, they also constitute a risk for democratic societies, as the spread of hate speech and fake news has shown. As a response, forms of counterspeech organised by civil society have emerged in social media to counter the normalisation of hate speech and democracy-threatening discourses. In order to influence discourse in social media in terms of the fifth estate, counterspeech campaigns must be visible also quantitatively. In this ethnographic contrastive study, I analysed the activities of the German and Finnish Facebook groups of the network #iamhere international. The intensity and continuity of their activities is obviously influenced by their strategic organisation: conventionalised rules support them whereas lacking or inconsequent rules seemed to be counterproductive.
Within a rapidly digitalising society, it is important to understand how the learning and teaching of digital skills play out in situ, particularly amongst older adults who acquire these skills later in life. This paper focuses on participants engaged in the process of learning digital skills in adult education courses. Using video recordings from adult education centres in Finland and Germany, we explore how students mobilise their teachers’ assistance when encountering problems with their smartphones, laptops or tablets. Prior research on social interaction has shown that assistance can be recruited through a variety of verbal and embodied formats. In this specific educational setting, participants can use complaints about their digital skills or mobile devices to obtain assistance. Utilising multimodal conversation analysis, we describe two basic sequence types involving students’ complaints, discuss their cross-linguistic characteristics, and reflect on their connection to this educational setting and digital devices.
In this article we examine moments in which parents or other caregivers overtly invoke rules during episodes in which they take issue with, intervene against, and try to change a child’s ongoing behavior or action(s). Drawing on interactional data from four different languages (English, Finnish, German, Polish) and using Conversation Analytic methods, we first illustrate the variety of ways in which parents may use such overt rule invocations as part of their behavior modification attempts, showing them to be functionally versatile interactional objects. Their interactional flexibility notwithstanding, we find that parents typically invoke rules when, in the course of the intervention episode, they encounter trouble with achieving an acceptable compliant outcome. To get at the distinct import of rule formulations in this context, we then compare them to two sequential alternatives: parental expressions of an experienced negative affective state, and parental threats. While the former emphasize aspects of social solidarity, the latter seek to enforce compliance by foregrounding a power asymmetry between the parent and the child. Rule formulations, by contrast, are designedly impersonal and appear to be directed at what the parents construe as shortcomings in common-sense practical reasoning on the child’s part. Reflexively, the child is thereby cast as not having properly applied common-sense ‘practical reason’ when engaging in what is treated as the problematic behavior or action. Overt rule invocations can, therefore, be understood as indexical appeals to practical reason.
The human ability to anticipate upcoming behavior not only enables smooth turn transitions but also makes early responses possible, as respondents use a variety of cues that provide for early projection of the type of action that is being performed. This article examines resources for projection in interaction in three unrelated languages—Finnish, Japanese, and Mandarin—in sequences where speakers make evaluative assertions on a topic. The focus is on independently agreeing responses initiated in early overlap. Our cross-linguistic analysis reveals that while projection based on the ongoing turn-constructional unit relies on language-specific grammatical constructions, projection based on the larger context seems to be less language-dependent. A crucial finding is that in the target sequences, stances taken toward the topic already during earlier talk, as well as other structural patterns, are among the resources that recipients use for projecting how and when the ongoing turn will end.
Im ersten Teil des Beitrags werden der genetische und typologische Standort des Finnischen und des Deutschen kurz skizziert (1.1), einige wichtige Meilensteine auf dem Wege des Finnischen zu einer Schriftsprache aufgelistet und dann anhand von statistischen Angaben die sprachliche Situation im Finnland von heute beleuchtet (1.2), wonach ein Überblick über die Stellung von Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Finnland gegeben wird (1.3). Der zweite Teil ist Fragen der Wort- und Wortformenstrukturen gewidmet: Zuerst wird auf einige aus der Perspektive des finnischen DaF-Lerners relevante Unterschiede in der Laut-Wort-Struktur von finnischen und deutschen Wörtern eingegangen (2.1). Im Anschluss daran werden Auswirkungen der Prosodik auf die Distinktivität von Flexionsendungen und damit zusammenhängende Interferenzerscheinungen bei dem Deutscherwerb von Finnen thematisiert (2.2). Mit der Flexion befasst sich auch Kap. 2.3, in dem die Kongruenzmarkierung in deklinierten, mit einem Adjektivattribut erweiterten Nominalgruppen kontrastiv erörtert wird. Abschließend werden die wichtigsten Möglichkeiten der Wortschatzerweiterung durch Wortbildung in beiden Sprachen, Komposition und Derivation, kurz betrachtet (2.4). Im Schlusswort (3) wird die Wichtigkeit von Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Finnland unterstrichen und seine jetzige und künftige Lage - zumindest im Vergleich zu derjenigen in vielen anderen Ländern - als relativ günstig eingeschätzt.
The present thesis investigates the syntagmatic relations of certain Finnish emotion verbs that are formed by the derivational suffix -ua/-yä (e.g. suuttua ‘get angry’, pelästyä ‘get frightened’). Prototypically, the suffix expresses reflexivity, but in the case of the “inchoative” emotion verbs, it indicates a change of state on behalf of the experiencer, from a non-emotional state to an emotional state.