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Einleitung
(2023)
Prediction is a central mechanism in the human language processing architecture. The psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic literature has seen a lively debate about what form prediction may take and what status it has for language processing in the human mind and brain. While predictions are a ubiquitous finding, the implications of these results for models of language processing differ. For instance, eyetracking data suggest that predictions may rely on sublexical orthographic information in natural reading, while electrophysiological data provide mixed evidence for form-based predictions during reading. Other research has revealed that humans rapidly adapt to text specifics and that their predictive capacity varies, broadly speaking, in accordance with inter- and intra-individual language proficiency, which cuts across the speaker groups (e.g. L1 vs. L2 speakers, skilled vs. untrained readers) traditionally used for experimental contrasts. There is therefore evidence that the kind and strength of linguistic predictions depend on (at least) three sources of variability in language processing: speaker, text genre and experimental method.
The aim of this Research Topic is to develop a better understanding of prediction in light of the three sources of variability in language processing, by providing an overview of state-of-the art research on predictive language processing and by bringing together research from various disciplines.
First, intra-and inter-individual differences and their influence on predictive processes remain underrepresented in experimental research on predictive processing. How do language users differ in their predictive abilities and strategies, and how are these differences shaped by e.g. biological, social and cultural factors?
Second, while language users experience great stylistic diversity in their daily language exposure and use, the majority of language processing research still focuses on a very constrained register of well-controlled sentences composed in the standard language. How are predictions shaped by extra- and meta-linguistic context, such as register/genre or accent/speaker identity, and how may this influence the processing of experimental items in another language or text variety?
Third, the Research Topic invites contributions that make use of a multi-method approach, such as combined behavioral and electrophysiological measures or experimental methods combined with measures extracted from corpus data. What opportunities and challenges do we face when integrating multiple approaches to examine linguistic, experimental and individual differences in human predictive capacity?
We welcome contributions from all areas of empirical psycho- and neurolinguistics, but contributions must explicitly address variability and variation in language and language processing. Relevant topics include individual differences and the impact of genre, modality, register and language variety. Contributions that go beyond single word and single sentence paradigms are especially desirable. Experimental, corpus-based, meta-analytic and review papers, as well as theoretical/opinion pieces are welcome; however, papers of the latter type should support their arguments with substantial empirical evidence from the literature. Particularly desirable are contributions which combine topics and/or methods, such as the impact of an individual's native dialect on processing of constructions that show variability in the standard language (e.g. choice of auxiliary, agreement of mass nouns, etc.) or experimental methods combined with measures extracted from corpus data such as information-theoretic surprisal.
Die Arbeit mit digitalen Daten und empirischen Methoden hat die Möglichkeiten intersubjektiv nachprüfbarer Forschung und Theoriebildung in der Linguistik wie in kaum einer anderen geisteswissenschaftlichen Disziplin verändert. Der Linguistik steht heute eine beeindruckende Anzahl hochwertiger Korpusressourcen zur Verfügung, um Fragestellungen ausgehend vom tatsächlichen Sprachgebrauch in gesprochener und geschriebener Sprache zu bearbeiten und Hypothesen datengestützt zu überprüfen.
Dieser Band bietet Einblicke in Grundlagenfragen, aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten und Entwicklungen im Bereich der korpusgestützten Sprachanalyse – von den theoretischen Grundlagen über die Beschreibung einzelner Korpora und Werkzeuge bis hin zu korpusgestützten Fallstudien und zum Einsatz von Korpora in Lehre und Unterricht. Die 25 Beiträge reflektieren den Stand der gegenwärtigen Forschung und sind nicht nur für Expertinnen und Experten, sondern auch für fortgeschrittene Studierende der Linguistik mit einschlägigem fachlichen Interesse verständlich.
Wie nun bereits seit einigen Jahren üblich, wurde die IDS-Jahrestagung auch dieses Jahr wieder von einer Methodenmesse begleitet, auf der sich passend zum Tagungsthema anwendungsorientierte Projekte mit Bezug zur Lexikonforschung präsentierten. Die Bandbreite der dargebotenen Themen war sehr groß: innovative methodische Ansätze im Bereich der Translationswissenschaft, Tools zur Analyse und Beschreibung lexikalischer Muster oder zur Detektion von Neologismen, neue lexikografische Ressourcen bis hin zu Infrastrukturaktivitäten und einem Kooperationsprojekt zwischen Schüler/innen und Wissenschaftler/innen zur Wortschatzanalyse. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Projekte, die sich auf der Messe präsentiert haben, auf der Basis der eingereichten Abstracts der Messeteilnehmer/innen kurz vorgestellt werden.
Dictionary usage research is a topic of increasing importance within the field of lexicography. At the beginning of the new millennium, the dictionary user was still relatively unknown. However, in the last ten years, more and more user studies have been published. Consequently, methods, data and the conclusions which can be drawn were successively refined. Also, new possibilities of web-based data collection, e.g., the analysis of log files, enriched this field of research. This contribution aims to describe the state of the art in dictionary usage research in the digital era. I begin by providing a short overview of methodological and terminological basics and then place a special focus on three different methods of collecting empirical data on dictionary use: online questionnaires, eye tracking and the analysis of log-files. All these methods are illustrated on user studies conducted at the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim.
Speakers’ linguistic experience is for the most part experience with language as used in conversational interaction. Though highly relevant for usage-based linguistics, the study of such data is as yet often left to other frameworks such as conversation analysis and interactional linguistics (Couper-Kuhlen and Selting 2001). On the basis of a case study of salient usage patterns of the two German motion verbs kommen and gehen in spontaneous conversation, the present paper argues for a methodological integration of quantitative corpus-linguistic methods with qualitative conversation analytic approaches to further the usage-based study of conversational interaction.