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A constructicon, i.e., a structured inventory of constructions, essentially aims at documenting functions of lexical and grammatical constructions. Among other parameters, so-called constructional collo-profiles, as introduced by Herbst (2018, 2020), are conclusive for determining constructional meanings. They provide information on how relevant individual words are for construction slots, they hint at usage preferences of constructions and serve as a helpful indicator for semantic peculiarities of constructions. However, even though collo-profiles constitute an indispensable component of constructicon entries, they pose major challengers for constructicographers: For a constructicographic enterprise it is not feasible to conduct collostructional analyses for hundreds or even thousands of constructions. In this article, we introduce a procedure based on the large language model BERT that allows to predict collo-profiles without having to extensively annotate instances of constructions in a given corpus. Specifically, by discussing the constructions X macht Y ADJP (‘x makes Y ADJ’, e.g. he drives him crazy) and N1 PREP N1 (e.g., bumper to bumper, constructions over constructions), we show how the developed automated system generates collo-profiles based on a limited number of annotated instances. Finally, we place collo-profiles alongside other dimensions of constructional meanings included in the German Constructicon.
The Data Governance Act was proposed in late 2020 as part of the European Strategy for Data, and adopted on 30 May 2022 (as Regulation 2022/868). It will enter into application on 24 September 2023. The Data governance Act is a major development in the legal framework affecting CLARIN and the whole language community. With its new rules on the re-use of data held by the public sector bodies and on the provision of data sharing services, and especially its encouragement of data altruism, the Data Governance Act creates new opportunities and new challenges for CLARIN ERIC. This paper analyses the provisions of the Data Governance Act, and aims at initiating the debate on how they will impact CLARIN and the whole language community.
Linguistische Studien arbeiten häufig mit einer Differenzierung zwischen gesprochener und geschriebener Sprache bzw. zwischen Kommunikation der Nähe und Distanz. Die Annahme eines Kontinuums zwischen diesen Polen bietet sich für eine Verortung unterschiedlichster Äußerungsformen an, inklusive unkonventioneller Textsorten wie etwa Popsongs. Wir konzipieren, implementieren und evaluieren ein automatisiertes Verfahren, das mithilfe unkorrelierter Entscheidungsbäume entsprechende Vorhersagen auf Textebene durchführt. Für die Identifizierung der Pole definieren wir einen Merkmalskatalog aus Sprachphänomenen, die als Markierer für Nähe/Mündlichkeit bzw. Distanz/Schriftlichkeit diskutiert werden, und wenden diesen auf prototypische Nähe-/Mündlichkeitstexte sowie prototypische Distanz-/Schrifttexte an. Basierend auf der sehr guten Klassifikationsgüte verorten wir anschließend eine Reihe weiterer Textsorten mithilfe der trainierten Klassifikatoren. Dabei erscheinen Popsongs als „mittige Textsorte“, die linguistisch motivierte Merkmale unterschiedlicher Kontinuumsstufen vereint. Weiterhin weisen wir nach, dass unsere Modelle mündlich kommunizierte, aber vorab oder nachträglich verschriftlichte Äußerungen wie Reden oder Interviews vollkommen anders verorten als prototypische Gesprächsdaten und decken Klassifikationsunterschiede für Social-Media-Varianten auf. Ziel ist dabei nicht eine systematisch-verbindliche Einordung im Kontinuum, sondern eine empirische Annäherung an die Frage, welche maschinell vergleichsweise einfach bestimmbaren Merkmale („shallow features“) nachweisbar Einfluss auf die Verortung haben.
"Das im Januar 2022 gestartete Projekt "Sprachanfragen" (https://www.ids-mannheim.de/gra/projekte2/sprachanfragen/) verfolgt erstmalig das Ziel, Sprachanfragedaten zu erfassen, aufzubereiten und ein wissenschaftsöffentliches Monitorkorpus aus ihnen zu erstellen. Dazukommend wird eine Rechercheschnittstelle entwickelt, mit der die Sprachanfragen systematisch wissenschaftlich analysierbar gemacht werden. Das Poster gibt einen Überblick über das Projekt, zeigt erste Ergebnisse und bietet einen Ausblick auf Überlegungen zur Konzeption eines Chatbots zur automatisierten Beantwortung von Sprachanfragen." Ein Beitrag zur 9. Tagung des Verbands "Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum" - DHd 2023 Open Humanities Open Culture.
In order to differentiate between figurative and literal usage of verb-noun combinations for the shared task on the disambiguation of German Verbal Idioms issued for KONVENS 2021, we apply and extend an approach originally developed for detecting idioms in a dataset consisting of random ngram samples. The classification is done by implementing a rather shallow, statistics-based pipeline without intensive preprocessing and examinations on the morphosyntactic and semantic level. We describe the overall approach, the differences between the original dataset and the dataset of the KONVENS task, provide experimental classification results, and analyse the individual contributions of our feature sets.
The 12th Web as Corpus workshop (WAC-XII) looks at the past, present, and future of web corpora given the fact that large web corpora are nowadays provided mostly by a few major initiatives and companies, and the diversity of the early years appears to have faded slightly. Also, we acknowledge the fact that alternative sources of data (such as data from Twitter and similar platforms) have emerged, some of them only available to large companies and their affiliates, such as linguistic data from social media and other forms of the deep web. At the same time, gathering interesting and relevant web data (web crawling) is becoming an ever more intricate task as the nature of the data offered on the web changes (for example the death of forums in favour of more closed platforms).
So far, there have been few descriptions on creating structures capable of storing lexicographic data, ISO 24613:2008 being one of the latest. Another one is by Spohr (2012), who designs a multifunctional lexical resource which is able to store data of different types of dictionaries in a user-oriented way. Technically, his design is based on the principle of a hierarchical XML/OWL (eXtensible Markup Language/Web Ontology Language) representation model. This article follows another route in describing a model based on entities and relations between them; MySQL (usually referred to as: Structured Query Language) describes a database system of tables containing data and definitions of relations between them. The model was developed in the context of the project "Scientific eLexicography for Africa" and the lexicographic database to be built thereof will be implemented with MySQL. The principles of the ISO model and of Spohr's model are adhered to with one major difference in the implementation strategy: we do not place the lemma in the centre of attention, but the sense description — all other elements, including the lemma, depend on the sense description. This article also describes the contained lexicographic data sets and how they have been collected from different sources. As our aim is to compile several prototypical internet dictionaries (a monolingual Northern Sotho dictionary, a bilingual learners' Xhosa–English dictionary and a bilingual Zulu–English dictionary), we describe the necessary microstructural elements for each of them and which principles we adhere to when designing different ways of accessing them. We plan to make the model and the (empty) database with all graphical user interfaces that have been developed, freely available by mid-2015.
In this article, we examine the current situation of data dissemination and provision for CMC corpora. By that we aim to give a guiding grid for future projects that will improve the transparency and replicability of research results as well as the reusability of the created resources. Based on the FAIR guiding principles for research data management, we evaluate the 20 European CMC corpora listed in the CLARIN CMC Resource family, individuate successful strategies among the existing corpora and establish best practices for future projects. We give an overview of existing approaches to data referencing, dissemination and provision in European CMC corpora, and discuss the methods, formats and strategies used. Furthermore, we discuss the need for community standards and offer recommendations for best practices when creating a new CMC corpus.