Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Part of a Book (9)
- Article (6)
Has Fulltext
- yes (15)
Keywords
- Pragmatik (15) (remove)
Publicationstate
- Postprint (7)
- Zweitveröffentlichung (6)
- Veröffentlichungsversion (2)
Reviewstate
- Peer-Review (7)
- (Verlags)-Lektorat (2)
- Verlags-Lektorat (1)
Publisher
- Elsevier (4)
- Benjamins (3)
- de Gruyter (2)
- De Gruyter (1)
- De Gruyter Mouton (1)
- Fink (1)
- Institut für Deutsche Sprache (1)
- Velbrück Wissenschaft (1)
- Verlag für Gesprächsforschung (1)
OKAY originates from English, but it is increasingly used across languages. This chapter presents data from 13 languages, illustrating the spectrum of possible uses of OKAY in responding and claiming understanding in contexts of informings. Drawing on a wide range of interaction types from both informal and institutional contexts, including those crucially involving embodied practices, we show how OKAY can be used to (i) claim sufficient understanding, (ii) mark understanding of the prior informing as preliminary or not complete, and (iii) index discrepancy of expectation.
How do people communicate in mobile settings of interaction? How does mobility affect the way we speak? How does mobility exert influence on the manner in which talk itself is consequential for how we move in space? Recently, questions of this sort have attracted increasing attention in the human and social sciences. This Special Issue contributes to the emerging body of studies on mobility and talk by inspecting an ordinary and ubiquitous phenomenon in which communication among mobile participants is paramount: participation in traffic. This editorial presents previous work on mobility in natural settings, as carried out by interactionally oriented researchers. It also shows how the investigation into traffic participation adds new perspectives to research on language and communication.
This paper asks whether and in which ways managing coordination tasks in traffic involve the accomplishment of intersubjectivity. Taking instances of coordinating passing an obstacle with oncoming traffic as the empirical case, four different practices were found.
1. Intersubjectivity can be presupposed by expecting others to stick to the traffic code and other mutually shared expectations.
2. Intersubjective solutions emerge step by step by mutual responsive-anticipatory adaptation of driving decisions.
3. Intersubjectivity can be accomplished by explicit interactive negotiation of passages.
4. Coordination problems can be solved without relying on intersubjectivity by unilateral, responsive-anticipatory adaptation to others’ behaviors.
Pragmatics and grammar
(2011)
Pragmatik revisited
(2015)
Die Pragmatik hat sich im Lauf der letzten 40 Jahre fest als linguistische Teildisziplin etabliert. Schon relativ früh hat sich ein Kanon von Fragestellungen und Konzepten herausgebildet, der den Gegenstandsbereich der Pragmatik z.B. in Lehrbüchern und Enzyklopädien ausmacht. Die kanonischen Gegenstände (v.a. Sprechakte, Implikaturen, Präsuppositionen und Deixis) sind über die Zeit erstaunlich stabil geblieben. Der Beitrag regt an, dieses Gegenstandsverständnis von ,Pragmatik‘ angesichts der Entwicklungen der Forschung in den letzten Dekaden zu überdenken. Folgende Fragen sind dabei leitend:
- Welche Konzepte und Eigenschaften des Gegenstandsbereichs haben sich in der empirischen Erforschung des sprachlichen Handelns im Kontext als grundlegend erwiesen, ohne bisher entsprechend als Grundkategorien des „Kanons“ der Pragmatik begriffen worden zu sein?
- Welche Konsequenzen haben die empirischen Forschungen der letzten Zeit für die Relevanz und das Verständnis der klassischen pragmatischen Themen und Konzepte?
Es wird dafür plädiert, vier Bestimmungsstücke des sprachlichen Handelns ins Zentrum der Auffassung von ,Pragmatik‘ zu stellen: Zeitlichkeit, Leiblichkeit, Sozialität und Epistemizität.
Based on German speaking data from various activity types, the range of multimodal resources used to construct turn-beginnings is reviewed. It is claimed that participants in talk-in-interaction need to deal with four tasks in order to construct a turn which precisely fits the interactional moment of its production:
1. Achieve joint orientation: The accomplishment of the socio-spatial prerequisites necessary for producing a turn which is to become part of the participants’ common ground.
2. Display uptake: Next speaker needs to display his/her understanding of the interaction so far as the backdrop on which the production of the upcoming turn is based.
3. Deal with projections from prior talk: The speaker has to deal with projections which have been established by (the) previous turn(s) with respect to the upcoming turn.
4. Project properties of turn-in-progress: The speaker needs to orient the recipient to properties of the turn s/he is about to produce.
Turn-design thus can be seen to be informed by tasks related to the multimodal, embodied, and interactive contingencies of online-construction of turns. The four tasks are ordered in terms of prior tasks providing the prerequisite for accomplishing a later task.
This article examines a recurrent format that speakers use for defining ordinary expressions or technical terms. Drawing on data from four different languages - Flemish, French, German, and Italian - it focuses on definitions in which a definiendum is first followed by a negative definitional component (‘definiendum is not X’), and then by a positive definitional component (‘definiendum is Y’). The analysis shows that by employing this format, speakers display sensitivity towards a potential meaning of the definiendum that recipients could have taken to be valid. By negating this meaning, speakers discard this possible, yet unintended understanding. The format serves three distinct interactional purposes: (a) it is used for argumentation, e.g. in discussions and political debates, (b) it works as a resource for imparting knowledge, e.g. in expert talk and instructions, and (c) it is employed, in ordinary conversation, for securing the addressee's correct understanding of a possibly problematic expression. The findings contribute to our understanding of how epistemic claims and displays relate to the turn-constructional and sequential organization of talk. They also show that the much quoted ‘problem of meaning’ is, first and foremost, a participant's problem.
Die Relevanz der Gesprächsforschung steht außer Frage: Gespräche sind grundlegend für jede Form menschlicher Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. Ob in Unternehmen, im Schulunterricht oder in der Politik, ob im privaten Liebesgeflüster, in der Talk-Show oder im Internet-Chat: Unablässig erzeugen, verändern und repräsentieren wir unsere Welt in Gesprächen. Gesellschaft, Kultur und Geschichte wären undenkbar ohne verbale Interaktion. So ubiquitär Gespräche sind, so unendlich vieles ist involviert, wenn Gespräche geführt und verstanden werden sollen. Sicher, zuallererst Sprache, doch noch vieles mehr: Stimme, Blicke, Gesten, Gefühle und Hintergedanken, soziale Voraussetzungen und Folgen, physische Prozesse und historische Situationen. Dies sind natürlich, recht verstanden, nicht verschiedene "Dinge", die man sorgsam nebeneinander stellen könnte. Diese Mannigfaltigkeit von Perspektiven zeigt an, dass das, was in Gesprächen und durch sie geschieht, nicht auf einen einzigen Zugang, etwa den einer einzigen Disziplin oder Schule zu reduzieren ist.
In this chapter, we overview the specificity of comparisons made within the perspective of Conversation Analysis (CA), and we position them in relation to other fields. We introduce the analytical mentality, methodology, and procedures of CA, and we show how we used it for the analysis of OKAY in this volume.
Our paper examines how bodily behavior contributes to the local meaning of OKAY. We explore the interplay between OKAY as response to informings and narratives and accompanying multimodal resources in German multi-party interaction. Based on informal and institutional conversations, we describe three different uses of OKAY with falling intonation and the recurrent multimodal patterns that are associated with them and that can be characterized as ‘multimodal gestalts’. We show that: 1. OKAY as a claim to sufficient understanding is typically accompanied by upward nodding; 2. OKAY after change-of-state tokens exhibits a recurrent pattern of up- and downward nodding with distinctive timing; and 3. OKAY closing larger activities is associated with gaze-aversion from the prior speaker.