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Grammatik
(1992)
This paper deals with the function of German modal particles in non-embedded sentences with the verb at the end. The four German particles "bloß", "doch", "ja" and "wohl" are analysed. Therefore the verb-last-sentences are compared with sentences with the verb in the first or second position, which are used with or without modal particles. In all these sentences modal particles have the same function. They specify a speaker’s attitude. For this purpose they interact with other linguistic means and refer to the linguistic and/or non-linguistic context of the utterance. So one can say, that modal particles play an important role in the utterance meaning of a sentence.
In dem Beitrag wird der Begriff der Illokutionshierarchie vorgestellt und gegenüber der Originalkonzeption modifiziert. Seine Tragfähigkeit und Fruchtbarkeit wird untersucht, indem er für die Analyse argumentativer Texte nutzbar gemacht wird. Argumentationen werden als hierarchisch strukturierte Komplexe von Illokutionen betrachtet. Diese Konzeption wird anhand eines authentischen argumentativen Gespräches exemplarisch angewendet.
Vom Sprechen zum Vorlesen
(1992)
Zum Begriff des Satzes
(1992)
X-Worträtsel
(1992)
Ein neues Haus für die Sprachforschung : zur Übernahme des neuen Institutsgebäudes am 9. Juli 1992
(1992)
Ärztliche Gesprächsführung : Inhalte und Erfahrungen gesprächsanalytisch fundierter Weiterbildung
(1992)
In this paper, the problem will be discussed whether the pragmatic category 'exclamative' has a grammatical pendant and how this pragmatic category is derived from the corresponding semantic structure if there doesn't exist a semantic 'exclamative' category. Special accentual properties and the possible dislocation of the wh-phrase 'wie' from the adjective phrase as in ‘wie ist er [e groß]’ seem to be the only grammatical evidences indicating the exclamative type. The movement of 'wie' without violating the Chomskean Empty Category Principle is assumed to be possible because of the existence of a syntactic sentence feature [+ EX], which cancels the barrierhood of the wie-containing adjective phrase. Both the feature [+ EX] and the barrierhood of the wie-containing adjective phrases in wh-questions and embedded wh-clauses are motivated by a pragmatic principle.
The concept "Präsenzfigur" combines conversation analysis and objektive Hermeneutik to show how language structure and social meaning are related. The concept concentrates on the local sensitivity of interactional structures. Empirical data are not taken to show the realization of
context free general structures (e.g. turn taking, conditional relevance). Context sensitivity is analysed both as document and result of the selectivity, inherent in the participants’ activities in contributing to the local construction of social organization according to their dominant orientations as participants. For empirical analysis a four step modell (including maximal and minimal contrast) is proposed.
Since the late 18th century the notion of an "organism of language" has been dominating the views of the essence of language in Germany. It was a crucial aspect of this notion that languages were something living and had to be described as living beings. It was this aspect in particular that was severely criticized in the second half of the 19th century as no longer meeting the standards of a more sophisticated biological concept of life. It must be borne in mind, though, that the notion of organism developed in the intellectual context of German natural philosophy, where one basic assumption was that all three kingdoms of nature—plants, animals, and minerals as well— breathe life, and are manifestations of a living earth in a living cosmos. Corresponding to the assumed unity of life processes was the aspiration after uniform philosophical and scientific principles of their investigation; and there accordingly was little hesitation to exchange terminologies, conceptions, metaphors, methods, and speculations between disciplines. This provides the backdrop also for the rapprochement of linguistics and the geosciences among adherents of natural philosophy, mediated by Carl Ritter's anthropological geography and Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos.
The notion of life could be applied in classification and periodization in relatively concrete ways (as for example, when speaking of the youth, adulthood, and old age of both languages and the earth), or could be made use of in more abstract speculative schemes (evident for example, in Jacob Grimm's preference for triads), whose impact has so far been little investigated. In the 19th century, advances in the geosciences lead to entirely new insights into the course of the history of the earth. What was emerging more slowly was a realistic picture of the time spans to be taken into account in anthropology and linguistics. Authors such as Adelung and Grimm still saw it as their task in principle to account for linguistic developments throughout the entire history of mankind, subject to certain geographical limitations. Such ambition was premature, though, since serious anthropologically orientated research into tens of thousands of years of linguistic and cultural prehistory, reaching well beyond the limits of traditional reconstructions, is only beginning today.
Der Beitrag ist ein Versuch, die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede kausaler, konzessiver und adversativer Konnektive im Rahmen der Unterscheidung ihrer Bedeutung und ihrer Fähigkeit zu erfassen, Diskurspräsuppositionen zu induzieren. Er soll zeigen, daß es sinnvoll ist, als Bedeutung der Elemente aller drei genannten Konnektivklassen die logische Konjunktion anzunehmen und die Differenzierung der drei Klassen in den Diskurspräsuppositionen zu suchen, die von den Elementen dieser Klassen induziert werden, und die Inhalte der Diskurspräsuppositionen wie die Bedeutungen der Konnektive als Wahrheitsfunktionen zu fassen. Dabei wird im Bereich der Diskurspräsuppositionen insbesondere die Gemeinsamkeit kontrastiv-adversativer und korrektivadversativer Konnektive und die Gemeinsamkeit konvers-konzessiver und kontrastiv-adversativer Verwendungen von ’aber' herausgearbeitet.
Most linguists believe that the human language capacity has a modular structure: it consists of subcomponents whose inner organisation can be described independent of the organisation of other subcomponents. There is much less agreement on how these „modules“ are to be separated, and how their final interaction is to be described. Elaborating on an earlier proposal by Manfred Bierwisch, the present paper discusses the status of the „speech act module“ within a modular theory of the human mind, and critically evaluates Brandt’s and Rosengren’s recent theory of the illocutional structure of texts.
Zur Analyse von Derivationen
(1992)
Zeichensetzung
(1992)
Seit 1985 sind in dieser Zeitschrift kontinuierlich Beiträge erschienen, die im Zusammenhang mit der deutschen Rechtschreibung und insbesondere mit den Bemühungen um ihre Neuregelung stehen (vgl. im einzelnen das Literaturverzeichnis A). ln diesem Beitrag geht es darum, Bilanz zu ziehen. Die beteiligten Arbeitsgruppen haben ihre Arbeit an dem Regelteil abgeschlossen und diesen den amtlich zuständigen Stellen und der Öffentlichkeit zur Kenntnisnahme, Prüfung und Diskussion vorgelegt - womit die Kennzeichnung dieses Berichtes als Zwischen-Bilanz ihre Erklärung findet.
Groß- und Kleinschreibung
(1992)
Wörterverzeichnis
(1992)