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This article shows that the TEI tag set for feature structures can be adopted to represent a heterogeneous set of linguistic corpora. The majority of corpora is annotated using markup languages that are based on the Annotation Graph framework, the upcoming Linguistic Annotation Format ISO standard, or according to tag sets defined by or based upon the TEI guidelines. A unified representation comprises the separation of conceptually different annotation layers contained in the original corpus data (e.g. syntax, phonology, and semantics) into multiple XML files. These annotation layers are linked to each other implicitly by the identical textual content of all files. A suitable data structure for the representation of these annotations is a multi-rooted tree that again can be represented by the TEI and ISO tag set for feature structures. The mapping process and representational issues are discussed as well as the advantages and drawbacks associated with the use of the TEI tag set for feature structures as a storage and exchange format for linguistically annotated data.
We report on finished work in a project that is concerned with providing methods, tools, best practice guidelines, and solutions for sustainable linguistic resources. The article discusses several general aspects of sustainability and introduces an approach to normalizing corpus data and metadata records. Moreover, the architecture of the sustainability platform implemented by the authors is described.
Der vorliegende Artikel skizziert die Möglichkeiten, die durch den Gebrauch offener Standards im Bereich des eLearning und Web Based Trainig (WBT) eröffnet werden. Ausgehend von den Erfahrungen aus dem BMBF-Projekt MiLCA ("Medienintensive Lehrmodule in der Computerlinguistik-Ausbildung") werden die Vorteile einer XML basierten Markupsprache in Verbindung mit einer Open Source WBT-Plattform für die Strukturierung von Lernobjekten diskutiert. Dabei ist die Realisierung eines vollständigen XML Imports in das WBT-System nur der erste Schritt in einer sehr viel weiter gehenden Entwicklung, in der textlinguistische und computerlinguistische Methoden mehr und mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. So wird zum Beispiel der Gebrauch von didaktisch motivierten Metadaten Autoren in die Lage versetzen, Lernobjekte adaptiv und lernerzentriert aufzubereiten. Die Integration von Ontologien und Taxonomien ist ein weiterer Aspekt, der noch präzisere Möglichkeiten der Wartung und Wiederverwendung von Lernobjekten eröffnet. Teil dieses Artikels ist ein annotiertes Beispiel-Lernobjekt zur Verdeutlichung der oben angesprochenen Entwicklungen und deren Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige akademische Ausbildung.
Digital Text Collections, Linguistic Research Data, and Mashups: Notes on the Legal Situation
(2008)
Comprehensive data repositories are an essential part of practically all research carried out in the digital humanities nowadays. For example, library science, literary studies, and computational and corpus linguistics strongly depend on online archives that are highly sustainable and that contain not only digitized texts but also audio and video data as well as additional information such as metadata and arbitrary annotations. Current Web technologies, especially those that are related to what is commonly referred to as the Web 2.0, provide a number of novel functions such as multiuser editing or the inclusion of third-party content and applications that are also highly attractive for research applications in the areas mentioned above. Hand in hand with this development goes a high degree of legal uncertainty. The special nature of the data entails that, in quite a few cases, there are multiple holders of personal rights (mostly copyright) to different layers of data that often have different origins. This article discusses the legal problems of multiple authorships in private, commercial, and research environments. We also introduce significant differences between European and U.S. law with regard to the handling of this kind of data for scientific purposes.
We present SPLICR, the Web-based Sustainability Platform for Linguistic Corpora and Resources. The system is aimed at people who work in Linguistics or Computational Linguistics: a comprehensive database of metadata records can be explored in order to find language resources that could be appropriate for one’s spe cific research needs. SPLICR also provides a graphical interface that enables users to query and to visualise corpora. The project in which the system is developed aims at sustainably archiving the ca. 60 language resources that have been constructed in three collaborative research centres. Our project has two primary goals: (a) To process and to archive sustainably the resources so that they are still available to the research community in five, ten, or even 20 years time. (b) To enable researchers to query the resources both on the level of their metadata as well as on the level of linguistic annotations. In more general terms, our goal is to enable solutions that leverage the interoperability, reusability, and sustainability of heterogeneous collec- tions of language resources.