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The following is based on the idea that the function and presentation especially of quoted examples in the DWB as in lexicography in general is in large part determined by traditional lexicographic and non-lexicographic concepts of "example". This requires a methodological approach which is diachronic and hermeneutic instead of an approach which is synchronic and typological, therefore it seems not to be appropriate to base the analysis of the role and function of DWB examples on a typology (of examples) which was created for some modern dictionaries.
At first I present the history of five "functional aspects" of examples, then I show how each aspect was treated by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm during the planning of their dictionary. The first functional aspect was taken from the imitatio tradition which has been practiced at least since renaissance dictionaries. The second appears to have conceptual connexion with the (new)platonic image ("Urbild") which is inherent in utterances as well as in all objects of the material world. The third aspect concerning the illustratio tradition was developed by the enlightenment philosophy and it is the only one which was rejected by the Grimms, but became more and more the leading idea behind lexicographic practice in later periods of the DWB. The fourth aspect concerns examples as quotations to support (to prove) the statements made by the word explanations. It traditionally refers to philological principles and dominated esp. the second period of the DWB. According to the fifth functional aspect quotations are the basic material for semantic analysis before becoming examples. This aspect was more or less ignored, but it caused some of the main methodological problems in handling the enormous material after 1912.
I then show how Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm's original concept was partially retained and partially changed by later lexicographers, and how in practical work the more or less theoretical, idealistic concepts were transformed and reduced to two main functions: show and prove. Finally some light is shed on the reception of the examples in the DWB, i.e. the way readers have used them and how they can be used today.
"Wilde Pflanzen ohne nährende Frucht". Der politisch-soziale Wortschatz bei den Brüdern Grimm
(1990)
Die Brüder Grimm
(1994)
Jacob Grimm was a very productive member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Between 1842 and 1863 he made speeches at least on 66 days of sitting. Grimm was one of the academy’s most active and most famous speakers. Many of his speeches were not only concerned with philological questions. He also confessed his views about other scientific disciplines or problems of public interest. Grimm emphasized the international character of sciences and expressed the high respect he payed to the cultural traditions of other peoples.
In this article the treatment of the first two volumes of the Grimms' Deutsches Wörterbuch, i.e. volume I (A - Affrikata: revised by the Berlin working group) and volume VI (D: revised by the Göttingen group) are compared.
Section 1 of the article outlines the genesis of the revision of volumes I and VI.
Section 2 summarizes the theoretical concept of the revised edition and its translation into the structure of the dictionary entries. The conceptual principles which were laid down for both groups, i.e. Berlin and Göttingen, as largely binding are briefly outlined. It becomes apparent that especially as far as the delineation of the historical changes in the meaning of the words is concerned, the lexicographical revision is based on the just slightly modified concept of the last working phase of the DWB (=Grimms' German Dictionary) between 1930 and 1960. The macro- and micro-structural differences between the revised edition and its predecessor are outlined.
Section 3, analyzing selected articles on the basis of the common lexicographical denominator sketched in Section 2, details the differences in lexicographical treatment between the two groups.
In Section 4 the most important results of this selective analysis are summarized and evaluated. Some more general problems of historical lexicography are shortly mentioned in the process.
Die bekanntesten Märchenerzähler der Deutschen - und doch reicht die Wirkung der weltberühmten Brüder viel weiter: Tatsächlich zählen Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm zu den produktivsten Sprachforschern ihres Jahrhunderts.
Sie kamen der Entstehung der germanischen Sprachen auf die Spur, und sie schufen mit dem »Deutschen Wörterbuch« das umfangreichste Nachschlagewerk zur deutschen Sprache überhaupt.
Wissenschaft verstanden sie dabei als Dienst an der Gesellschaft: In all ihren Arbeiten war immer auch der Gedanke an Aufklärung, Sprachkultur und Volksbildung lebendig. Die Brüder Grimm - Pioniere deutscher Sprachkultur des 21. Jahrhunderts gibt einen aufschlussreichen Überblick über das Wirken der Grimms, vermittelt Einblicke in zwei außergewöhnliche Forscherleben und zeigt, wie ihre Ideen und Konzepte bis heute aktuell geblieben sind.