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Der folgende Beitrag stellt einen Ausschnitt einer Grammatik für ein Fragment des Deutschen vor.
Zunächst wird eine formale λ-kategoriale Sprache, λL, eingeführt, zusammen mit einem geeigneten Modell zu ihrer Interpretation. Dann wird eine Obersetzungsfunktion ü angegeben, die Ausdrücke von λL in Ausdrücke von Kategorialdeutsch, Kat D, überführt, wobei sich die Syntax komplexer Ausdrücke in Kat D aus der Syntax der entsprechenden λL Ausdrücke und der Übersetzungsfunktion ergibt, die Semantik aus der der entsprechenden λL-Ausdrücke. Kat D ist keine syntaktisch disambiguierte Sprache, so daß es Kat D-Ausdrücke mit mehreren Ableitungen gibt.
Die unorthodoxen Züge der vorgeschlagenen Grammatik sind einerseits, daß sie reichlichen Gebrauch von der Möglichkeit macht, für einfache Kat D-Ausdrücke komplexe λL-Entsprechungen zu haben, andererseits, daß Verben hier als λ-Abstrakte behandelt werden.
Im Rahmen dieses Modells wird dann zur Illustration ein Mini-Fragment des Deutschen formuliert. Schließlich werden Vorschläge für die semantisch-syntaktische Behandlung der Kopula-Verben sein und werden gemacht.
This thesis investigates temporal and aspectual reference in the typologically unrelated African languages Hausa (Chadic, Afro–Asiatic) and Medumba (Grassfields Bantu). It argues that Hausa is a genuinely tenseless language and compares the interpretation of temporally unmarked sentences in Hausa to that of morphologically tenseless sentences in Medumba, where tense marking is optional and graded. The empirical behavior of the optional temporal morphemes in Medumba motivates an analysis as existential quantifiers over times and thus provides new evidence suggesting that languages vary in whether their (past) tense is pronominal or quantificational (see also Sharvit 2014). The thesis proposes for both Hausa and Medumba that the alleged future tense marker is a modal element that obligatorily combines with a prospective future shifter (which is covert in Medumba). Cross-linguistic variation in whether or not a future marker is compatible with non-future interpretation is proposed to be predictable from the aspectual architecture of the given language.
This thesis investigates temporal and aspectual reference in the typologically unrelated African languages Hausa (Chadic, Afro–Asiatic) and Medumba (Grassfields Bantu).
It argues that Hausa is a genuinely tenseless language and compares the interpretation of temporally unmarked sentences in Hausa to that of morphologically tenseless sentences in Medumba, where tense marking is optional and graded.
The empirical behavior of the optional temporal morphemes in Medumba motivates an analysis as existential quantifiers over times and thus provides new evidence suggesting that languages vary in whether their (past) tense is pronominal or quantificational (see also Sharvit 2014).
The thesis proposes for both Hausa and Medumba that the alleged future tense marker is a modal element that obligatorily combines with a prospective future shifter (which is covert in Medumba). Cross-linguistic variation in whether or not a future marker is compatible with non-future interpretation is proposed to be predictable from the aspectual architecture of the given language.
TripleA is a workshop series founded by linguists from the University of Tübingen and the University of Potsdam. Its aim is to provide a forum for semanticists doing fieldwork on understudied languages, and its focus is on languages from Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. The second TripleA workshop was held at the University of Potsdam, June 3-5, 2015.