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This thesis describes work in three areas: grammar engineering, computer-assisted language learning and grammar learning. These three parts are connected by the concept of a grammar-based language learning application. Two types of grammars are of concern. The first we call resource grammars, extensive descriptions a natural languages. Part I focuses on this kind of grammars. The other are domain-specific or application-specific grammars. These grammars only describe a fragment of natural language that is determined by the domain of a certain application. Domain-specific grammars are relevant for Part II and Part III. Another important distinction is between humans learning a new natural language using computational grammars (Part II) and computers learning grammars from example sentences (Part III). Part I of this thesis focuses on grammar engineering and grammar testing. It describes the development and evaluation of a computational resource grammar for Latin. Latin is known for its rich morphology and free word order, both have to be handled in a computationally efficient way. A special focus is on methods how computational grammars can be evaluated using corpus data. Such an evaluation is presented for the Latin resource grammar. Part II, the central part, describes a computer-assisted language learning application based on domain-specific grammars. The language learning application demonstrates how computational grammars can be used to guide the user input and how language learning exercises can be modeled as grammars. This allows us to put computational grammars in the center of the design of language learning exercises used to help humans learn new languages. Part III, the final part, is dedicated to a method to learn domain- or application-specific grammars based on a wide-coverage grammar and small sets of example sentences. Here a computer is learning a grammar for a fragment of a natural language from example sentences, potentially without any additional human intervention. These learned grammars can be based e.g. on the Latin resource grammar described in Part II and used as domain-specific lesson grammars in the language learning application described Part II.
Controlled Natural Languages (CNLs) have many applications including document authoring, automatic reasoning on texts and reliable machine translation, but their application is not limited to these areas. We explore a new application area of CNLs, the use of CNLs in computer-assisted language learning. In this paper we present a a web application for language learning using CNLs as well as a detailed description of the properties of the family of CNLs it uses.
GrammIs ist ein multimediales Informationssystem zur deutschen Grammatik, das seit Mitte 1993 am Institut für deutsche Sprache (IDS) entwickelt wird. Der vorliegende Aufsatz skizziert zunächst die Architektur des Informationssystems und diskutiert die Vorteile eines solchen Systems im Vergleich zur traditionellen Buchform. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie bei der Konzeption und Entwicklung des Prototypen GrammIs-1 versucht wurde, durch methodisch reflektierte Konversion des Ausgangstextes, durch die Verwendung intuitiv eingänglicher Benutzermetaphern und durch Navigationsangebote, die sich flexibel auf die unterschiedliche Computererfahrung verschiedener Benutzer einstellen, eine einfach bedienbare Hypermedia-Anwendung zu entwickeln, die im Vergleich zum grammatischen Ausgangstext tatsächlich den vielbeschworenen „informationellen Mehrwert“ aufweist.
Drill statt Dialog?
(1989)