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Entnazifizierung wird fur die Kommunikationsbereiche Zeitkritik / Parteien / Kirche, Administration / Justiz sowie im Zusammenhang mit Spruchkammerverfahren beschrieben und als Teil einer Text-, Begriffs- und Mentalitatsgeschichte verstanden. Die Geschichte der Entnazifizierung ist im wesentlichen Schuldgeschichte, so da!3 sich deren sprachlicher Ausdruck als Teil der deutschen Sprachgeschichte als Begriffsgeschichte darstellt. Intellektualisierung, Instrumentalisierung, sprachlicher Eskapismus und Auflosung sind Merkmale des Schulddiskurses, zu denken auf einer Zeitachse von 1945 bis etwa 1955. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass der Schuldbegriff in drei Einzelbedeutungen - festgelegt von Philosophic / Kirche / Parteien, von der Administration und Justiz und von den Tatern - zerlegt bleibt. Der entleerte Schuldbegriff der Tater dominiert die offentliche Wahmehmung, und insofern das Befreiungsgesetz hierfiir die Voraussetzungen schafft, ist dieses als Teil der deutschen Sprachgeschichte zu beschreiben.
In this paper, general problems with easily confused words among a language community are addressed. Serving as an example, the difficulties of semantic differentiation between the use of German sensibel and sensitiv are discussed. One the one hand, the question is raised as to how a speech community faces challenges of semantic shifts and how monolingual dictionaries document lexical items with similar semantic aspects. On the other hand, I will demonstrate the discrepancies of information on meaning as retrieved and interpreted from large corpus data. It will be shown how the semantics of words change and hence cause confusion among speakers. As a result, empirical evidence opens up several questions concerning the prescriptive vs. descriptive treatment of paronymic items such as sensibel/sensitiv and it demands different approaches to the lexicographic description of such words in future reference works.
Lexicographic meaning descriptions of German lexical items which are formally and semantically similar and therefore easily confused (so-called paronyms) often do not reflect their current usage of lexical items. They can even contradict one’s personal intuition or disagree with lexical usage as observed in public discourse. The reasons are manifold. Language data used for compiling dictionaries is either outdated, or lexicographic practice is rather conventional and does not take advantage of corpus-assisted approaches to semantic analysis. Despite of various modern electronic or online reference works speakers face uncertainties when dealing with easily confusable words. These are for example sensibel/sensitiv (sensitive) or kindisch/kindlich (childish/childlike). Existing dictionaries often do not provide satisfactory answers as to how to use these sets correctly. Numerous questions addressed in online forums show where uncertainties with paronyms are and why users demand further assistance concerning proper contextual usage (cf. Storjohann 2015). There are different reasons why users misuse certain items or mix up words which are similar in form and meaning. As data from written and more spontaneous language resources suggest, some confusions arise due to ongoing semantic change in the current use of some paronyms. This paper identifies shortcomings of contemporary German Dictionaries and discusses innovative ways of empirical lexicographic work that might pave the way for a new data-driven, descriptive reference work of confusable German terms. Currently, such a guide is being developed at the Institute for German Language in Mannheim implementing corpora and diverse corpus-analytical methods. Its objective is to compile a dictionary with contrastive entries which is a useful reference tool in situation of language doubt. At the same time, it aims at sensitizing users of context dependency and language change.