Refine
Document Type
- Part of a Book (86)
- Book (16)
- Conference Proceeding (3)
- Periodical (1)
- Part of Periodical (1)
- Working Paper (1)
Keywords
- Deutsch (26)
- Korpus <Linguistik> (25)
- Wörterbuch (22)
- Lexikographie (15)
- Neologismus (11)
- Zweisprachiges Wörterbuch (9)
- Englisch (7)
- Lexikografie (7)
- Soziolinguistik (6)
- Computergestützte Lexikographie (5)
- German (5)
- Historische Lexikografie (5)
- Lehnwort (5)
- interactional linguistics (5)
- lexicography (5)
- COVID-19 (4)
- Compterunterstützte Lexikographie (4)
- Computerunterstützte Lexikogaphie (4)
- Elektronisches Wörterbuch (4)
- Interaktion (4)
- Italienisch (4)
- Kollokation (4)
- Kontrastive Linguistik (4)
- Konversationsanalyse (4)
- Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) (4)
- Online-Wörterbuch (4)
- Wortbildung (4)
- conversation analysis (4)
- 17th century (3)
- Dialektologie (3)
- English (3)
- Griechisch (3)
- Historical lexicography (3)
- Lernerwörterbuch (3)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (3)
- Polnisch (3)
- Rumänisch (3)
- Sprachgebrauch (3)
- Ungarisch (3)
- Visualisierung (3)
- dictionary use (3)
- historische Lexikographie (3)
- neologisms (3)
- Argumentstruktur (2)
- Church Slavonic (2)
- Compterunterstützte Lexikografie (2)
- Computerunterstütztes Informationssystem (2)
- Computeruntertützte Lexikographie (2)
- Daten (2)
- Datenbank (2)
- Dictionaries (2)
- Dictionary use (2)
- Digitalisierung (2)
- Diskursanalyse (2)
- EURALEX (20 : 2022 : Mannheim) (2)
- Europa (2)
- Französisch (2)
- French (2)
- Frühneuhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (2)
- Gebärdensprache (2)
- Gesellschaft (2)
- Gesprochene Sprache (2)
- Glossar (2)
- Historische Lexikographie (2)
- Italian (2)
- Kinderbuch (2)
- Kolonialismus (2)
- Kontrastive Grammatik (2)
- Kontrastive Pragmatik (2)
- Lemma (2)
- Lexikalische Semantik (2)
- Lexikogaphie (2)
- Linguistic Landscape (2)
- Mannheim-Neckarstadt (West) (2)
- Mehrsprachiges Wörterbuch (2)
- Minderheitensprache (2)
- Multilingual lexicography (2)
- Neologisms (2)
- Open Access (2)
- Pidgin (2)
- Präposition (2)
- Schule (2)
- Slowenisch (2)
- Spanisch (2)
- Sprach-Checker (2)
- Sprachgeografie (2)
- Sprachkontakt (2)
- Sprachwandel (2)
- Thesaurus (2)
- Tok Pisin (2)
- Valenz <Linguistik> (2)
- Wikipedia (2)
- Wortschatz (2)
- accountability (2)
- bilingual dictionaries (2)
- blending (2)
- clipping (2)
- collocations (2)
- colonialism (2)
- confusables (2)
- constructicography (2)
- construction grammar (2)
- contrastive analysis (2)
- corpora (2)
- corpus-based lexicography (2)
- dictionary (2)
- dictionary culture (2)
- gender equality (2)
- gender linguistics (2)
- general language dictionaries (2)
- glossaries (2)
- graph database (2)
- historical lexicography (2)
- history of lexicography (2)
- informal interaction (2)
- internet forums (2)
- lay-lexicography (2)
- lexical borrowings (2)
- lexicography and war (2)
- lexicography equality (2)
- minority language (2)
- missionary linguistics (2)
- multilingual lexicography (2)
- neologism dictionaries (2)
- online resources (2)
- pedagogical lexicography (2)
- prepositions (2)
- problem-solving approach (2)
- professional lexicography (2)
- semantic web (2)
- sense discrimination (2)
- software (2)
- survey (2)
- synonyms (2)
- terminology (2)
- tokenization (2)
- valency (2)
- visualization (2)
- word formation (2)
- 19th–20th centuries (1)
- Abweichungstheorie (1)
- AcI (1)
- Adjektivkompositum (1)
- Adjektivsemantik (1)
- Ajamiado-Literatur (1)
- Akademiereform (1)
- Akkusativ (1)
- Alemannisch (1)
- Altertumswissenschaft (1)
- Altgriechisch (1)
- Anadiplose (1)
- Ancient Greek (1)
- Ancient Greek language (1)
- Ancient Greek scholarship (1)
- Apposition (1)
- Arabische Schrift (1)
- Argument structure (1)
- Augustin Gilbert (1)
- Ausbau des Lexikons (1)
- Aussprache (1)
- Automatische Sprachanalyse (1)
- Automatische Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- Automobil <Personenkraftwagen> (1)
- Autorin (1)
- Bairisch (1)
- Bantusprachen (1)
- Basnage de Beauval (1)
- Begriffsgeschichte <Fach> (1)
- Beispielangaben (1)
- Bibel. Altes Testament (1)
- Bilingualised dictionary (1)
- Borrowing (1)
- Brasilien (1)
- Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries (1)
- British twenty first century lexicography (1)
- Charles Robin (1)
- Christian Ludwig (1)
- Cinie Louw (1)
- Cluster <Datenanalyse> (1)
- Codierung (1)
- Collocations (1)
- Computational lexicography (1)
- Computerlingustik (1)
- Computerunterstützte Lexikographie (1)
- Consultation behavior (1)
- Corona und Sprache (1)
- Coronaneologismen (1)
- Coronawortschatz (1)
- Coronawörter (1)
- Corpora (1)
- Cross-linguistic conversation analysis (1)
- Cyrillic (1)
- DDR-Sprachwissenschaft (1)
- Definition (1)
- Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) (1)
- Deutsche Aussprache (1)
- Deutscher Sprachraum (1)
- Deutschland (DDR) (1)
- Dictionary and text analysis (1)
- Dictionary encoding (1)
- Dictionary use strategies (1)
- Dictionnaire universel (1)
- Didaktik (1)
- Digital lexical systems (1)
- Direkte Rede (1)
- Direkte Redeeinleiter (1)
- Diskursmarker (1)
- Diskurssemantik (1)
- Dreiländereck (1)
- Duden, Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (1)
- Duden-Aussprachewörterbuch (1)
- Dynamik des Lexikons (1)
- Dänisch (1)
- E-dictionary (1)
- E-lexicography (1)
- ELEXIS (1)
- EMLex (1)
- Early New High German (1)
- Early New High German Dictionary (FWB) (1)
- Einstellung (1)
- Elektronische Publikation (1)
- Elektronisches Forum (1)
- Elektronisches Publizieren (1)
- Elizabeth Weir (1)
- Empirische Linguistik (1)
- Englischunterricht (1)
- English monolingual learner’s dictionaries (1)
- Etymologie (1)
- EuReCo (1)
- Fachsprache (1)
- Fallstudie (1)
- Fehler (1)
- First language acquisition (1)
- Fracto-morphèmes (1)
- Frage (1)
- Frau (1)
- Fremdsprache (1)
- Fremdsprachenlernen (1)
- Frühneuhochdeutsch (1)
- Frühneuhochdeutsche Wörterbuch (1)
- Funktion des Lexikographen (1)
- Geminatio (1)
- Georgian language (1)
- Georgisch (1)
- Geschlechterforschung (1)
- Geschlechterstereotyp (1)
- Gespräch (1)
- Gigafida 2.1 corpus (1)
- Greek Sign Language (1)
- Grundschule (1)
- Harte Sprache (1)
- Herausstellung (1)
- Hester Piozzi (1)
- Historische Sprachwissenschaft (1)
- History of lexicography (1)
- History of medical science dictionaries (1)
- Hochdeutsch (1)
- Humanities (1)
- Hungarian (1)
- Hypotaxe (1)
- Ideologie (1)
- Ikonizität (1)
- Illokution (1)
- Implikatur (1)
- Indirekte Rede (1)
- Indirekte Redeeinleiter (1)
- Infinitiv (1)
- Interaktionsanalyse (1)
- International Contrastive Linguistics Conference (1)
- Internationalismus (1)
- Internetforum (1)
- Isländisch (1)
- Japanese controlled language (1)
- Japanisch (1)
- Joseph Capuron (1)
- Kirchensprache (1)
- Klima (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Konkordanz (1)
- Konstruktionsgrammatik (1)
- Kontrastive Syntax (1)
- Konversationanalyse (1)
- Koordination <Linguistik> (1)
- Koreanisch (1)
- Korpora und Corona (1)
- Korpusgeschichte (1)
- Korrektur (1)
- Krise (1)
- Kulturwissenschaften (1)
- Kyrillische Schrift <Druckschrift> (1)
- L1 error correcttion (1)
- LBC – ‚Mehrsprachige Lexik der Kulturgüter (1)
- LIVE-Data (1)
- LSP-Dictionary (1)
- Language attitude (1)
- Learner’s lexicography (1)
- LexMeta (1)
- Lexical resources metadata (1)
- Lexical semantics (1)
- Lexicography (1)
- Lexicon of Cultural Heritage (1)
- Lexiconul de la Buda (1)
- Lexikalisches Informationssystem (1)
- Lexikgraphie (1)
- Lexikologie (1)
- Lexikon (1)
- Lexikonausbau (1)
- Linksversetzung (1)
- Lower Sorbian (1)
- Lyrik (1)
- Makrostruktur (1)
- Margrethe Thiele (1)
- Mathematik (1)
- Maße lexikalischer Vielfalt (1)
- Medica (1)
- Medizin (1)
- Mehrworteinheit (1)
- Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation (1)
- Metadaten (1)
- Metalexicography (1)
- Metalinguistik (1)
- Migrationshintergrund (1)
- Modalverb (1)
- Modern Icelandic (1)
- Monitor corpus (1)
- Multi-word expressions (1)
- Multilingual dictionary (1)
- Multimodalität (1)
- Mundart (1)
- Muttersprache (1)
- N-Gram (1)
- Negationsanhebung (1)
- Neologismenlexikographie (1)
- Neologismenwörterbuch (1)
- Neugriechisch (1)
- Neumelanesisch (1)
- Niederdeutsch (1)
- Niederdeutsche Dialektologie (1)
- Niederländisch (1)
- Niedersorbisch (1)
- Nomen (1)
- Nominalphrase (1)
- Norwegian Nynorsk (1)
- Norwegisch (1)
- OCR (1)
- OCR-Verarbeitung (1)
- OEC (1)
- OED (1)
- Objektsatz (1)
- Old Norse (1)
- Old Romanian (1)
- Old Testament (1)
- Older German (OHG, MHG, OS, MLG) (1)
- Online thesaurus (1)
- Online-Befragung (1)
- Online-Medien (1)
- OntoLex-Lemon (1)
- Open Journal Systems (1)
- Orthographie (1)
- Osmanisch (1)
- Osmanisch-deutsche Wörterbücher (1)
- Osmanische Wörterbücher (1)
- Pandemie (1)
- Parlamentsdebatte (1)
- Paronym (1)
- Persian (1)
- Persisch (1)
- Phonesthemes (1)
- Phonologie (1)
- Phrase Based Active Dictionary (PAD) (1)
- Phraseologie (1)
- Phraseologismus (1)
- Pidgin-Sprachen (1)
- Pierre-Hubert Nysten (1)
- Polish (1)
- Politische Sprache (1)
- Polysemie (1)
- Portugiesisch (1)
- Possessivität (1)
- Prepositional object clause (1)
- Presse (1)
- Privativ (1)
- ProfiLex-Projekt (1)
- Proposition (1)
- Prosodie (1)
- Präpositionalobjekt (1)
- Quantitative Methoden der Korpuslinguistik (1)
- Quotations (1)
- Rechtssprache (1)
- Redeeinleiter (1)
- Redeerwähnung (1)
- Redewiedergabe-Korpus (1)
- Regionalsprache (1)
- Regionalsprachenforschung (1)
- Rhetorik (1)
- Rhetorische Figuren (1)
- Romanian lexicography (1)
- Russisch (1)
- Russlanddeutsch (1)
- SCyDia (1)
- Scatological vocabulary (1)
- Serbian language (1)
- Serbisch (1)
- Sign Languages (1)
- Sign language dictionary (1)
- Skatologie <Motiv> (1)
- Slawische Sprachen (1)
- Slovene (1)
- Slovenisch (1)
- Slowakisch (1)
- Social Media (1)
- Software (1)
- Sorbian institute (1)
- Soziale Integration (1)
- Soziale Norm (1)
- Soziale Sanktion (1)
- Spanien (1)
- Spanish (1)
- Spanish Royal Academy (1)
- Spanish lexicography (1)
- Special field lexicography (1)
- Spiritualismus (1)
- Sprachbewertung (1)
- Spracheinstellung (1)
- Spracherwerb (1)
- Sprachgeschichte (1)
- Sprachgrenze (1)
- Sprachstatistik (1)
- Sprachurteil (1)
- Sprachvariante (1)
- Sprachvariation (1)
- Sprachvergleich (1)
- Sprachwahrnehmung (1)
- Sprechakt (1)
- Standardsprache (1)
- Synonym (1)
- Syntax (1)
- Tabu / Sprache (1)
- Terminologie (1)
- Terminologiedatenbank (1)
- Terminology (1)
- Text Encoding Initiative (1)
- The Danish Dictionary (1)
- Theodor Arnold (1)
- Tschechisch (1)
- Türkisch (1)
- Umfrage (1)
- Unterricht (1)
- Ventspils University of Applied Sciences (VUAS) (1)
- Verantwortlichkeit (1)
- Vers (1)
- Veröffentlichung (1)
- Visualizations (1)
- Vocabularu romano-francesu (1)
- Webdesign (1)
- West Germanic (1)
- Wiederholung (1)
- Wikibase (1)
- Word history (1)
- WordNet (1)
- Wort (1)
- Wortfamilie (1)
- Wortgeschichte digital (Digital Word History) (1)
- Worthäufigkeit (1)
- Wortschatzveränderung (1)
- Wortschatzwandel (1)
- Wörterbuch <mehrsprachig> (1)
- Wörterbuch Geschichte (1)
- Wörterbucharbeit (1)
- Wörterbuchbenutzung (1)
- Wörterbuchbenutzungsforschung (1)
- Wörterbuchportal (1)
- Wörterbücher in Versen (1)
- Wörterbücher in der Schule (1)
- Zeichensprache (1)
- Zweisprachigkeit (1)
- Zwirner-Korpus (1)
- accounting (1)
- affective stance (1)
- affiliation (1)
- age of acquisition (1)
- analogy (1)
- arabische Schrift (1)
- argument structure (1)
- automotive domain (1)
- aviation terminology (1)
- bairischer Sprachraum (1)
- bilingual dictionaries in electronic format (1)
- bilingual resources (1)
- bilingual thesaurus (1)
- bilingualized dictionary (1)
- children’s specialised lexicography (1)
- children’s vocabulary (1)
- clause union (1)
- climate (1)
- close reading of dictionaries (1)
- coding (1)
- collocation analysis (1)
- collocational behaviour (1)
- colonial linguistics (1)
- comparable corpora (1)
- comparative lexicographic principles (1)
- computergenerierte Angabe (1)
- computerunterstützte Lexikographie (1)
- conceptual history (1)
- conceptualisation (1)
- content management platform (1)
- content questions (1)
- controlled vocabularies (1)
- convolutional neural networks (1)
- corpus analysis (1)
- corpus pragmatics (1)
- corpus-based (1)
- corpus-based lexicon building (1)
- corpus-based terminography (1)
- corpus-driven lexicography (1)
- cultural heritage resources (1)
- cultural history (1)
- cultural norm (1)
- culture specific items (1)
- data exploration (1)
- detecting neologisms (1)
- dictionary didactics (1)
- dictionary editing system (1)
- dictionary entry structure (1)
- dictionary portal (1)
- dictionary teaching (1)
- dictionary+ (1)
- digital collocation database (1)
- digital humanities (1)
- digital lexicography (1)
- discourse analysis (1)
- discourse markers (1)
- discourse semantics (1)
- discovering collocations in corpora (1)
- domain label (1)
- download vs. citation patterns (1)
- e-lexicography (1)
- einsprachiges Wörterbuch (1)
- electronic corpus (1)
- environment (1)
- exceptional case marking (1)
- expectation (1)
- experimental syntax (1)
- explicit and integrated intervention program (1)
- extended search (1)
- false friends (1)
- foreign language learner (1)
- foreign language teacher (1)
- foreign language teaching (1)
- forms of representation in digital lexicography (1)
- frequency (1)
- full form systems (1)
- general language dictionary (1)
- geschriebene Sprache (1)
- historical lexicology (1)
- historical word formation of German (1)
- ideology (1)
- inflected forms (1)
- information theory (1)
- interrogatives (1)
- island (1)
- joint utterance formulation (1)
- kontrastive Lexikologie (1)
- language awareness (1)
- language comparison (1)
- language complexity (1)
- language efficiency (1)
- language portal (1)
- language use (1)
- legal lexicon (1)
- lemma (1)
- lexical data (1)
- lexical information system (1)
- lexicographers’ needs (1)
- lexicographic database (1)
- lexicographic practices (1)
- lexikalisches Informationssystem (1)
- lifelong learning (1)
- light-verb constructions (1)
- linguistic norm (1)
- linked data (1)
- loans (1)
- logical information systems (1)
- major reference work (1)
- mathematical terms (1)
- mathematics (1)
- media literacy (1)
- medical lexicographers (1)
- modal verbs (1)
- monolingualised dictionary (1)
- multimedia (1)
- multimodal analysis (1)
- multimodal database (1)
- multimodality (1)
- negation particle (1)
- neologisms in Brazilian Portuguese (1)
- newsfeed (1)
- newsmark (1)
- normativity (1)
- norms (1)
- norms and rules (1)
- osmanisch-türkische Orthographie (1)
- paronymy (1)
- pean languages (1)
- periphrastic constructions (1)
- phraseological variation (1)
- phraseology (1)
- polysemy (1)
- positivism (1)
- pragmatics (1)
- prevalence (1)
- propositional argument (1)
- prosody (1)
- publishing model (1)
- quantitative linguistics (1)
- quantitative typology (1)
- realia (1)
- reanalysis (1)
- redaktionell erstellte Angaben (1)
- reference tools (1)
- retro-digitization (1)
- rules (1)
- sanctioning (1)
- semantic frames (1)
- semantic network (1)
- sign language resources (1)
- small clause (1)
- social interaction (1)
- social rules (1)
- social sanctioning (1)
- specialised languages (1)
- specialized dictionary (1)
- specialized knowledge (1)
- specialized lexicography (1)
- spiritualism (1)
- spoken Czech (1)
- spoken German (1)
- spoken language (1)
- stance management (1)
- subject-to-object-raising (1)
- temporal dimension (1)
- term (1)
- terminography (1)
- text corpus (1)
- text statistics (1)
- translation studies (1)
- translation tools (1)
- translators (1)
- trends (1)
- under-resourced language (1)
- usage labels (1)
- variation management (1)
- video data (1)
- vocabulary organization in dictionaries (1)
- wh-movement (1)
- wiktionary (1)
- women (1)
- word family database (1)
- word history (1)
- word selection (1)
- word senses (1)
- writing support tool (1)
- Ästhetik (1)
- Ästhetische Wahrnehmung (1)
- Émile Littré (1)
- Übersetzungswissenschaft (1)
Publicationstate
- Veröffentlichungsversion (108) (remove)
Reviewstate
Publisher
- IDS-Verlag (108) (remove)
The focus of this paper will be on lexical information systems and the framework guidelines for the definition of the curricula within the educational system of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/ Bozen (Italy). In Italy, the competences to be achieved at different school levels are published in the form of general guidelines. On this basis each school has to specify the general competency goals and to spell them out in a concrete curriculum. In this paper I will examine to what extent lexical information systems are represented in the framework guidelines within the German and the Italian educational system of the Autonomous Province, these being separate systems. In a second step, I will check the representations of the resources against the “Villa Vigoni Theses on Lexicography“. Finally, I will discuss the results and give an outlook for further research.
In this paper, the author studies the role of the dictionary in the first language acquisition, highlighting its didactic value. Based on two Romanian lexicographical works of the 19th century, Lexiconul de la Buda (Buda, 1825) [the Lexicon of Buda] et Vocabularu romano-francesu (Bucarest, 1870) [the Romanian-French Vocabulary], the author analyses the normative information recorded in the articles in order to observe which level of language (i. e. phonetical, morphological, syntactical and lexical) is concerned. Such an approach allows to distinguish between the possible changings both at the level of the perception or at the grammatical, lexical and semantical description, i. e. the settlement of the word in the first language, and at a technical level, i. e. the making of article and of dictionary.
This paper aims at verifying if the most important online Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries include some of the neologisms identified in texts published in the 1990s to 2000s, formed with the elements ciber-, e-, bio-, eco- and narco, which we refer to as fractomorphemes / fracto-morphèmes. Three online dictionaries were analyzed (Aulete, Houaiss and Michaelis), as well as Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa (VOLP). We were able to conclude that all three dictionaries and VOLP include neologisms with these elements; Michaelis and VOLP do not include separate entries for bound morphemes, whereas Houaiss includes entries for all of them and Aulete includes entries for bio-, eco- and narco-. Aulete also describes the neological meaning of eco- and narco-, whereas Houaiss does not.
An ongoing academic and research program, the “Vocabula Grammatica” lexicon, implemented by the Centre for the Greek Language (Thessaloniki, Greece), aims at lemmatizing all the philological, grammatical, rhetorical, and metrical terms in the written texts of scholars (philologists and scholiasts) who curated the ancient Greek literature from the beginning of the Hellenistic period (4th/3rd c. BC) until the end of the Byzantine era (15th c. AD). In particular, it aspires to fill serious gaps (a) in the study of ancient Greek scholarship and (b) in the lexicography of the ancient Greek language and literature. By providing specific examples, we will highlight the typical and methodological features of the forthcoming dictionary.
Wie die Eule erkunden große & kleine Sprach-Checker ihre Neckarstadt-West. Kommt mit auf Entdeckungsreise!
Das Buch „Der Wörter-Sammel-Koffer“ ist ein Werk der Sprach-Checker. Es entstand im Rahmen des Projekts „Die Sprach-Checker - So sprechen wir in der Neckarstadt“ (Leitung: Dr. Christine Möhrs & Elena Schoppa-Briele) des Leibniz-Instituts für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), Mannheim, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Kinderbuchautorin und Illustratorin Anke Faust, dem Campus Neckarstadt-West, den Neckarstadt-Kids sowie der Alten Feuerwache Mannheim.
Aus den vielen witzigen Ideen der Kinder entwickelte sich die Geschichte um die Eule, die anschließend mit Wasserfarben, Farbstiften und viel Phantasie von den Sprach-Checkern illustriert wurde.
Die Sprach-Checker: Der Wörter-Sammel-Koffer oder Eule Elli & ihre neuen Freunde aus der Neckarstadt
(2023)
Wie die Eule Elli erkunden große & kleine Sprach-Checker ihre Neckarstadt-West. Kommt mit auf Entdeckungsreise!
Das Buch „Der Wörter-Sammel-Koffer“ ist ein Werk der Sprach-Checker. Es entstand im Rahmen des Projekts „Die Sprach-Checker - So sprechen wir in der Neckarstadt“ (Leitung: Dr. Christine Möhrs & Elena Schoppa-Briele) des Leibniz-Instituts für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), Mannheim, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Kinderbuchautorin und Illustratorin Anke Faust, dem Campus Neckarstadt-West, den Neckarstadt-Kids sowie der Alten Feuerwache Mannheim.
Aus den vielen witzigen Ideen der Kinder entwickelte sich die Geschichte um Eule Elli, die anschließend mit Wasserfarben, Farbstiften und viel Phantasie von den Sprach-Checkern illustriert wurde.
In many European languages, propositional arguments (PAs) can be realized as different types of structures. Cross-linguistically, complex structures with PAs show a systematic correlation between the strength of the semantic bond and the syntactic union (cf. Givón 2001; Wurmbrand/Lohninger 2023). Also, different languages show similarities with respect to the (lexical) licensing of different PAs (cf. Noonan 1985; Givón 2001; Cristofaro 2003 on different predicate types). However, on a more fine-grained level, a variation across languages can be observed both with respect to the syntactic-semantic properties of PAs as well as to their licensing and usage. This presentation takes a multi-contrastive view of different types of PAs as syntactic subjects and objects by looking at five European languages: EN, DE, IT, PL and HU. Our goal is to identify the parameters of variation in the clausal domain with PAs and by this to contribute to a better understanding of the individual language systems on the one hand and the nature of the linguistic variation in the clausal domain on the other hand. Phenomena and Methodology: We investigate the following types of PAs: direct object (DO) clauses (1), prepositional object (PO) clauses (2), subject clauses (3), and nominalizations (4, 5). Additionally, we discuss clause union phenomena (6, 7). The analyzed parameters include among others finiteness, linear position of the PA, (non) presence of a correlative element, (non) presence of a complementizer, lexical-semantic class of the embedding verb. The phenomena are analyzed based on corpus data (using mono- and multilingual corpora), experimental data (acceptability judgement surveys) or introspective data.
The long road to a historical dictionary of Lower Sorbian. Towards a lexical information system
(2022)
The Sorbian Institute has been taking preparatory steps for a historical-documentary vocabulary information system for Lower Sorbian for about 10 years. To this end, the entire extant written material (16th–21st centuries) of this strongly endangered European minority language is to be systematically evaluated. An attempt made a few years ago to organise and finance the project as a long-term scientific project was not successful in the end. Therefore, it can only be advanced step by step and via some detours. The article informs about the interim status of the project, especially with respect to the creation of a reliable database.
It is well known that the distribution of lexical and grammatical patterns is size- and register-sensitive (Biber 1986, and later publications). This fact alone presents a challenge to many corpus-oriented linguistic studies focusing on a single language. When it comes to cross-linguistic studies using corpora, the challenge becomes even greater due to the lack of high-quality multilingual corpora (Kupietz et al. 2020; Kupietz/Trawiński 2022), which are comparable with respect to the size and the register. That was the motivation for the creation of the European Reference Corpus EuReCo, an initiative started in 2013 at the Leibniz Institute for the German Language (IDS) together with several European partners (Kupietz et al. 2020). EuReCo is an emerging federated corpus, with large virtual comparable corpora across various languages and with an infrastructure supporting contrastive research. The core of the infrastructure is KorAP (Diewald et al. 2016), a scalable open-source platform supporting the analysis and visualisation of properties of texts annotated by multiple and potentially conflicting information layers, and supporting several corpus query languages. Until recently, EuReCo consisted of three monolingual subparts: the German Reference Corpus DeReKo (Kupietz et al. 2018), the Reference Corpus of Contemporary Romanian Language (Barbu Mititelu/Tufiş/Irimia 2018), and the Hungarian National Corpus (Váradi 2002). The goal of the present submission is twofold. On the one hand, it reports about the new component of EuReCo: a sample of the National Corpus of Polish (Przepiórkowski et al. 2010). On the other hand, it presents the results of a new pilot study using the newly extended EuReCo. This pilot study investigates selected Polish collocations involving light verbs and their prepositional / nominal complements (Fig. 1) and extends the collocation analyses of German, Romanian and Hungarian (Fig. 2) discussed in Kupietz/Trawiński (2022).
Almanca tuhfe / Deutsches Geschenk (1916) oder: Wie schreibt man deutsch mit arabischen Buchstaben?
(2022)
Versified dictionaries are bilingual/multilingual glossaries written in verse form to teach essential words in any foreign language. In Islamic culture, versified dictionaries were produced to teach the Arabic language to the young generations of Muslim communities not native in Arabic. In the course of time, many bilingual/multilingual versified dictionaries were written in different languages throughout the Islamic world. The focus of this study is on the Turkish-German versified dictionary titled Almanca Tuhfe / Deutsches Geschenk [German Gift], published by Dr. Sherefeddin Pasha in Istanbul in 1916. This dictionary is the only dictionary in verse ever written combining these two languages. Moreover the dictionary is one of the few texts containing German words written in Arabic letters (applying Ottoman spelling conventions). The study concentrates on the way German words are spelled and tries to find out, whether Sherefeddin Pasha applied something like fixed rules to write the German lexemes.
This article aims to show the influence of doctrines in the medical lexicographers choices, with the Capuron-Nysten-Littré lineage as a case study. Indeed, the Dictionnaire de médecine has been crossed by several schools of thought such as spiritualism and positivism. While lexical continuity may seem self-evident due to the nature of the work, thus reducing the reprint to a simple lexical increase, this process introduces neologisms and deletions, all can be considered in their effects by using text statistics and factorial analysis.
This study examines a list of 3,413 neologisms containing one or more borrowed item, which was compiled using the databases built by the Korean Neologism Investigation Project. Etymological aspects and morphological aspects are taken into consideration to show that, besides the overwhelming prevalence of English-based neologisms, particular loans from particular languages play a significant role in the prolific formation of Korean neologisms. Aspects of the lexicographic inclusion of loan-based neologisms demonstrate the need for Korean neologism and lexicography research to broaden its scopes in terms of methodology and attitudes, while also providing a glimpse of changes.
Germany’s diverse history in the 20th century raises the question of how social upheavals were constituted in and through political discourse. By analysing basic concepts, the research network “The 20th century in basic concepts” (based at the Leibniz institutes IDS, ZfL, ZZF) aims to identify continuities and discontinuities in political and social discourse. In this way, historical sediments of the present are to be uncovered and those challenges identified that emerged in the course of the 20th century and continue to shape political discourse until the present.
While there was arguably a need for multi authored, multi volume, metalexicographic handbooks three decades ago – when the field of metalexicography was still ‘young’ – it is a bit puzzling to make sense of the current output flurry in this field. Is it simply a matter of ‘every publisher trying to fill its shelves’? or is there really a need in the scientific community for more and (continuously) updated reference works? And once available, are such works also consulted? Which parts? By whom? How often? For what purposes? In this paper we look at an ongoing, real world metalexicographic handbook project to answer these questions.
This paper looks at whether, after two decades of corpus building for the Bantu languages, the time is ripe to begin using monitor corpora. As a proof-of-concept, the usefulness of a Lusoga monitor corpus for lexicographic purposes, in casu for the detection of neologisms, both in terms of new words and new meanings, is investigated and found useful.
We describe the status of work intending at including sign language lexical data within the OntoLex-Lemon framework. Our general goal is to provide for a multimodal extension to this framework, which was originally conceived for covering only the written and phonetic representation of lexical data. Our aim is to achieve in the longer term the same type of semantic interoperability between sign language lexical data as this is achieved for their spoken or written counterparts. We want also to achieve this goal across modalities: between sign language lexical data and spoken/written lexical data.
When comparing different tools in the field of natural language processing (NLP), the quality of their results usually has first priority. This is also true for tokenization. In the context of large and diverse corpora for linguistic research purposes, however, other criteria also play a role – not least sufficient speed to process the data in an acceptable amount of time. In this paper we evaluate several state of the art tokenization tools for German – including our own – with regard to theses criteria. We conclude that while not all tools are applicable in this setting, no compromises regarding quality need to be made.
When comparing different tools in the field of natural language processing (NLP), the quality of their results usually has first priority. This is also true for tokenization. In the context of large and diverse corpora for linguistic research purposes, however, other criteria also play a role – not least sufficient speed to process the data in an acceptable amount of time. In this paper we evaluate several state-ofthe-art tokenization tools for German – including our own – with regard to theses criteria. We conclude that while not all tools are applicable in this setting, no compromises regarding quality need to be made.
Ist Deutsch eigentlich die hässlichste Sprache Europas? Dieser Beitrag analysiert, wie die deutsche Sprache im europäischen Raum ästhetisch wahrgenommen wird und was hinter dieser Wahrnehmung sprachwissenschaftlich gesehen steckt.
Die Studie kombiniert qualitative und quantitative Forschungsmethoden miteinander. So werden auf der einen Seite Sprachurteile dokumentiert und analysiert. Auf der anderen Seite wird die durchgeführte europaweite Befragung mit über 2000 Proband*innen ausgewertet, was gleichzeitig einen methodischen Ausgangspunkt für weitere Erhebungen festlegt.
Überwiegt die Wahrnehmung des Deutschen als „harte“ Sprache wirklich? Ist „hart“ denn direkt „hässlich“? Und ist die Wahrnehmung mancher Sprachen als besonders reizlos tatsächlich nur gesellschaftlich konstruiert, wie der bisherige Stand der Forschung nahelegt, oder spielen universelle kognitive Prozesse doch eine größere Rolle als gedacht? Basierend auf einem beträchtlichen Datensatz wirft diese Studie neues Licht auf eine der umstrittensten und methodisch herausforderndsten Kontroversen der Linguistik.
Wortgeschichte digital (Digital Word History) is an emerging historical dictionary of the German language that focuses on describing semantic shifts from about 1600 through today. This article provides deeper insight into the dictionary’s “cross-reference clusters,” one of its software tools that performs visualization of its reference network. Hence, the clusters are a part of the project’s macrostructure. They serve as both a means for users to find entries of interest and a tool to elucidate relations among dictionary entries. Rather than delve into technical aspects, this article focuses on the applied logics of the software and discusses the approach in light of the dictionary’s microstructure. The article concludes with some considerations about the clusters’ advantages and limitations.
Looking up for an unknown word is the most frequent use of a dictionary. For languages both agglutinative and inflectional, such as Georgian, this can be quite challenging because an inflected form can be very far from the lemmas used by the target dictionary. In addition, there is no consensus among Georgian lexicographers on which lemmas represent a verb in dictionaries. It further complicates dictionaries access. Kartu-Verbs is a base of inflected forms of Georgian verbs accessible by a logical information system. It currently contains more than 5 million inflected forms related to more than 16,000 verbs for 11 tenses; each form can have 11 properties; there are more than 80 million links in the base. This demonstration shows how, from any inflected form, we can find the relevant lemma to access any dictionary. Kartu-Verbs can thus be used as a front-end to any Georgian dictionary.
Der Beitrag rekonstruiert die Geschichte des Korpus „Deutsche Mundarten: DDR“ von den ersten Planungen der Tonaufnahmen am Beginn der 1950er Jahre über ihre Durchführung und Aufbereitung bis hin zur Rezeption in der Sprachwissenschaft der DDR und der BRD. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf das Verhältnis der DDR-Aufnahmen zum impulsgebenden Parallelprojekt Zwirners gelegt. Am Schicksal des Korpus wird überdies nachgezeichnet, wie sich die Dialektologie in der DDR unter politischem Druck in die Richtung einer modernen Regionalsprachenforschung entwickelte. Quellengrundlage der Korpusgeschichte sind Archivbestände der ehemaligen Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Akten zur Förderung Eberhard Zwirners durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft sowie zeitgenössische und neuere linguistische Publikationen, die mit dem Aufnahmekorpus gearbeitet haben.
Lexikalische Wiederholungen nehmen in der Lehre von den rhetorischen Stilfiguren viel Raum ein; in der Linguistik des schriftsprachlichen Deutsch spielen sie dagegen kaum ein Rolle. Die Arbeit überprüft, inwieweit sich die Funktionsweise zweier Figuren der meist unmittelbaren Ausdruckswiederholung, der Geminatio und der Anadiplose, auf der Basis von Standardannahmen zur Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik des Deutschen erklären lässt.
Zugrunde liegt der Arbeit eine Sammlung von über 700 Instanzen der Geminatio und Anadiplose aus deutschsprachigen Gedichten des 17. bis 21. Jahrhunderts. Es wird daran gezeigt, wie die Geminatio unter Ausnutzung von satztopologischen und NP-internen Positionierungen und darauf aufbauenden bedeutungskompositionellen und implikaturenbasierten Prozessen der Bedeutungkonstitution zum ikonischen Ausdruck der Gradierung von Eigenschaften dient. Die Anadiplose wiederum entpuppt sich als Mittel zur Hervorhebung von Themen und Propositionen, die pragmatisch und informationsstrukturell auf ihrer Einbindung in Herausstellungskonstruktionen und Satzverknüpfungen gründet.
Damit liefern die beiden rhetorischen Figuren kaum Argumente für die Abweichungstheorie literarischer Sprache, derzufolge die Sprachverwendung in literarischen und insbesondere lyrischen Texten oft nicht den Regeln und dem Usus des nicht-literarischen Deutsch folgt. Die Funktionsweise der Geminatio und der Anadiplose ist gut in das syntaktische, semantische und pragmatische System des Deutschen eingebunden. Insbesondere die Geminatio zeigt dabei in Gedichten auch deutliche Parallelen zu entsprechenden Phänomenen im gesprochenen Deutsch.
Tok Pisin is a pidgin/creole language spoken since the late 19th century in most of the area that nowadays constitutes Papua New Guinea where it emerged under German colonial rule. Unusual for a pidgin/creole, Tok Pisin is characterized by a extensive lexicographic history. The Tok Pisin Dictionary Collection at the Leibniz Institute for the German Language, described in this article, includes about fifty dictionaries. The collection forms the basis for the sketch of the history of Tok Pisin lexicography as part of colonial history presented here. The basic thesis is that in the history of Tok Pisin, lexicographic strat egies, dictionary structures, and publication patterns reflect the interest (and disinterest) of various groups of colonial actors. Among these colonial actors, European scientists, Catholic missionaries, and the Australian and US militaries played important roles.
Tok Pisin is a pidgin/creole language spoken since the late 19th century in most of the area that nowadays constitutes Papua New Guinea where it emerged under German colonial rule. Unusual for a pidgin/creole, Tok Pisin is characterized by a extensive lexicographic history. The Tok Pisin Dictionary Collection at the Leibniz Institute for the German Language, described in this article, includes about fifty dictionaries. The collection forms the basis for the sketch of the history of Tok Pisin lexicography as part of colonial history presented here. The basic thesis is that in the history of Tok Pisin, lexicographic strategies, dictionary structures, and publication patterns reflect the interest (and disinterest) of various groups of colonial actors. Among these colonial actors, European scientists, Catholic missionaries, and the Australian and US militaries played important roles.
One central goal of the project ‘Zentrum für digitale Lexikographie der deutschen Sprache’ (Center for digital lexicography for the German Language, www.zdl.org) is to provide a corpus-based lexicographic component of common German multi-word expressions (MWE), including idioms, for DWDS (www.dwds.de), a general language dictionary of contemporary German. As a central challenge of this task, we have identified an adequate lexicographic representation of such common properties of MWE as variation and modification. To document the variation, we have developed a special entry-clustering model, which we call hub-node entry. This model comprises a core hub entry headed by a short nuclear form of the MWE and several node entries, which represent the most common variants in their full lexical forms.
Mit diesem Papier wird die neue Online-Reihe IDSopen des Leibniz-Instituts für Deutsche Sprache konzeptuell aufgelegt. Die Reihe bietet Autor/-innen und Rezipient/-innen aus allen Bereichen der Linguistik eine moderne und offene Plattform für digitales Publizieren. Mit IDSopen steht eine zeitgemäße Publikationsumgebung zur Verfügung, die schwerpunktmäßig Arbeiten veröffentlicht, die auf Ressourcen des IDS beruhen und deren Verwendungsmöglichkeiten in besonderem Maße zeigen. Gleichzeitig zeichnet sich IDSopen durch eine Öffnung für unkonventionelle Publikationsformen und -formate aus. Transparente Begutachtungsprozesse gehören dabei genauso zum Profil der Reihe wie ein offener Erscheinungsturnus und das Ansprechen unterschiedlicher Zielgruppen. IDSopen verfolgt entlang der Leitlinien des IDS und der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (vgl. LeibnizOpen) das Open-Access-Prinzip und veröffentlicht ausschließlich digital, ohne gedruckte Form (Online-only). Diese Maßnahmen haben das Ziel, kurze Veröffentlichungszeiten für Manuskripte zu ermöglichen, einen unbeschränkten und kostenlosen Zugang zu qualitäts-geprüfter wissenschaftlicher Information rund um die IDS-Ressourcen im Internet zu bieten und liquide Publikationsprozesse zu unterstützen.
This paper describes the results of an empirical investigation carried out within the project Lessico Multilingue dei Beni Culturali (LBC), whose aim is to create a multilingual online dictionary of the lexicon of the Italian artistic heritage. The dictionary, whose lexicographic process has already started, is intended for linguists and specialist translators as well as for professionals in the tourism sector and students of Foreign Languages and Literatures. The investigation conducted through a questionnaire submitted to undergraduate students at the University of Milan and at the University of Florence has a double aim: to research the habits in the use of lexicographic tools by possible users of the dictionary (Italian Learners of German Language), and to identify preferences regarding macro-, medio- and microstructural features of the future LBC-dictionary to realize a user-friendly tool. After a brief introduction on the state of the art of the survey in the field of Dictionary Users Studies, the article describes the questionnaire and the results obtained from the pilot study. A summary and a discussion on the future developments of the project conclude the work.
In the course of the last years, digital lexicography has opened up a variety of avenues fostering the conceptualisation, application and use of constructicons, a type of lexicographical reference work which has revealed itself highly promising in terms of connectivity and flexibility, at the same time, however, also challenging as to its technical implementation. The present paper takes up the ambitious aim to propose some reflections as well as a first draft for a possible model of a multilingual ‘periphrasticon’ as a subtype of a bigger constructicon focusing on a specific typology-related structural feature, i. e. periphrasticity. Taking periphrastic verbal constructions in French, Italian and Spanish as a starting point, it tries to sketch out a unified constructional network including not only equivalent (or corresponding) constructions within Romance, but also establishing (formal and functional) cross-linguistic connections to German and English. Comprising the major languages available to most language learners in (at least) German-speaking environments, the model is also supposed to pave the way for multilingual constructicography which, on the one hand, is able to account for intra- and cross-linguistic relations and, on the other hand, can also prove a valuable tool for language learning and use.
There is a growing interest in pedagogical lexicography, and more specifically in the study of dictionary users’ abilities and strategies (Prichard 2008; Gavriilidou 2010, 2011; Gavriilidou/Mavrommatidou/Markos 2020; Gavriilidou/Konstantinidou 2021; Chatjipapa et al. 2020). Τhe purpose of this presentation is to investigate dictionary use strategy and the effect of an explicit and integrated dictionary awareness intervention program on upper elementary pupils’ dictionary use strategies according to gender and type of school. A total of 150 students from mainstream and intercultural schools, aged 10–12 years old, participated in the study. Data were collected before and after the intervention through the Strategy Inventory for Dictionary Use (SIDU) (Gavriilidou 2013). The results showed a significant effect of the intervention program on Dictionary Use Strategies employed by the experimental group and support the claim that increased dictionary use can be the outcome of explicit strategy instruction. In addition, the effective application of the program suggests that a direct and clear presentation of DUS is likely to be more successful than an implicit presentation. The present study contributes to the discussion concerning both the ‘teachability’ of dictionary use strategies and skills and the effective forms of intervention programs raising dictionary use awareness and culture.
This paper focuses on the treatment of culture bound lexical items in a novel type of online learner’s dictionary model, the Phrase Based Active Dictionary (PAD). A PAD has a strong phraseological orientation: each meaning of a word is exclusively defined in a typical phraseological context. After introducing the relevant theory of realia in translation studies, we develop a broader notion of culture specific lexical items which is more apt to serve the purposes of learner’s lexicography and thus to satisfy the needs of a larger and often undefined target group. We discuss the treatment of such words and expressions in common English learner’s dictionaries and then present various excerpts from PAD entries in English, German, and Italian which display different strategies for coping with cultural contents in the lexicon. Our aim is to demonstrate that the phraseological approach at the core of the PAD model turns out to be extremely important to convey cultural knowledge in a suitable way for users to fully grasp cultural implications in language.
Thesauri have long been recognized as valuable structured resources aiding Information Retrieval systems. A thesaurus provides a precise and controlled vocabulary which serves to coordinate data indexing and retrieval. The paper presents a bilingual Greek and English specialized thesaurus that is being developed as the backbone of a platform aimed at enhancing and enriching the cultural experiences of visitors in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. The cultural component of the intended platform comprises textual data, images of artifacts and living entities (animals and plants in the area), as well as audio and video. The thesaurus covers the domains of Archaeology, Literature, Mythology, and Travel; therefore, it can be viewed as a set of inter-linked thesauri. Where applicable, terms and names in the database are also geo-referenced.
Words and their usages are in many cases closely related to or embedded in social, cultural, technical and ideological contexts. This does not only apply to individual words and specific senses, but to many vocabulary zones as well. Moreover, the development of words is often related to aspects of socio-cultural evolution in a broad sense. In this paper I will have a look at traditional dictionaries and digital lexical systems focussing on the question how they deal with socio-cultural and discourse-related aspects of word usage. I will also propose a number of suggestions how future digital lexical systems might be enriched in this respect.
In a multilingual and multicultural society, dictionaries play an important role to enhance interlingual communication. A diversity of languages and different levels of dictionary culture demand innovative lexicographic approaches to establish a dictionary landscape that responds to the needs of the various speech communities. Focusing on the South African situation this paper discusses some aspects of a few dictionaries that contributed to an improvement of the local dictionary landscape. Using the metaphors of bridges, dykes and sluice gates it is shown how lexicographers need a balanced approach in their lemma selection and treatment. Whilst a too strong prescriptive approach can be to the detriment of the macrostructural selection, a lack of regulatory criteria could easily lead to a data overload. The lexicographer should strive to give a reflection of the actual language use and enable the users to retrieve the information that can satisfy their specific communication and cognitive needs. Such lexicographic products will enrich and improve the dictionary landscape.
This conversation analytic study compares the use of negation particles in spoken German and Persian, namely nein/nee and na. While these particles have a range of functions in both languages (Ghaderi 2022; Imo 2017), their use in response to news remains understudied. We focus on nein/nee and na in two sequential contexts: (i) after prior disconfirmations (Extract (a)) and (ii) in response to either solicited or unsolicited informings (see Extracts (b) and (c), respectively). In both contexts, nein/nee and na mark unexpectedness and open up an opportunity space for more, but they do so in different ways and with different outcomes. Nein/nee- and na-turns after disconfirming, often minimal responses to first-position confirmable turns mark the prior as unexpected (or even contrasting with the nein/nee/na-speaker’s expectations) and thus as expandable/accountable (cf. Ford 2001; Gubina/Betz 2021). Nein/nee/na-turns after informings (e.g., announcements that display a story teller’s negative emotional stance) differ not only in sequential position but also in prosodic realization. They can be either falling or rising, but all are characterized by marked prosody, i.e., lengthening, very low onset, smiling or breathy voice, or high overall pitch. Through position and turn design features, such nein/nee- and na-turns not only mark a prior turn as counter to (normative) expectations, but may also display the speaker’s affective stance and affiliate with the affective stance of the prior interactant. By comparing the use of nein/nee and na in German and Persian in the two functions illustrated in Extracts (a) and (b/c), we will show (i) how nein/nee- and na-turns shape interactional trajectories after responsive actions and (ii) what role the particles play in managing news and stance-taking as well as epistemic and affective positioning. Apart from revealing similarities in the use of German and Persian negation particles, the results of our crosslinguistic comparison will demonstrate that even if different languages have similar practices for specific actions, the use of these practices is language- and culture-specific. This means that even similar practices in different languages have their own “collateral effects” (Sidnell/Enfield 2012), linguistic and prosodic characteristic features, and, at least sometimes, consequences for social actions accomplished in the specific language (e.g., Dingemanse/Blythe/Dirksmeyer 2014; Evans/Levinson 2009; Floyd/Rossi/Enfield (eds.) 2020; Fox et al. 2009). Our study uses the method of Conversation Analysis (Sidnell/Stivers (eds.) 2013) and draws on more than 80 hours of audio and video recordings of spontaneous interactions (co-present, via video link, and on the telephone) in everyday and institutional contexts.
The issue: We discuss (declarative) prepositional object clauses (PO-clauses) in the West Germanic languages Dutch (NL), German (DE), and English (EN). In Dutch and German, PO-clauses occur with a prepositional proform (=PPF, Dutch: ervan, erover, etc.; German: drauf/darauf, drüber/darüber, etc.). This proform is optional with some verbs (1). In English, by contrast, P embeds a clausal complement in the case of gerunds or indirect questions (2), however, P is obligatorily absent when the embedded CP is a that-clause in its base positionv(3a). However, when the that-clause is passivized or topicalized, the stranded P is obligatory (3b). Given this scenario, we will address the following questions: i) Are there structural differences between PO-clauses with a P/PPF and those in which the P/PPF is optionally or obligatorily omitted? ii) In particular, do PO-clauses without P/PPF structurally coincide with direct object (=DO) clauses? iii) To what extent are case and nominal properties of clauses relevant? We use wh-extraction as a relevant test for such differences.
Previous research: Based on pronominalization and topicalization data in German and Dutch, PO-clauses are different from DO-clauses independent of the presence of the PPF (see, e.g., Breindl 1989; Zifonun/Hoffmann/Strecker 1997; Berman 2003; Broekhuis/Corver 2015 and references therein) (4,5). English pronominalization and topicalization data (3b) appear to point in the same direction (Fischer 1997; Berman 2003; Delicado Cantero 2013). However, the obligatory absence of P before that-clauses in base position indicates a convergence with DO-clauses.
Experimental evidence: To provide further evidence to these questions we tested PO-clauses in all three languages for long wh-extraction, which is usually possible for DO-clauses in English and Dutch, and in German for southern regional varieties. For German and Dutch we conducted rating studies using the thermometer method (Featherston 2008). Each study contained two sets of sentences: the first set tested long wh-extraction with regular DO-clauses (6). The second set tested wh-extraction from PO-clauses with and without PPFs (7), respectively. The results show no significant difference in extraction with PO-clauses whether or not the PPF was present even for those speakers who otherwise accept long-distance extraction in German. This supports a uniform analysis of PO-clauses with and without the PPF in contrast to DO-clauses. For English we tested extraction with verbs that select for PP-objects in two configurations: V+that-clause and V+P-gerund (8) in comparison to sentences without extraction. Participants rated sentences on a scale of 1 (unnatural) to 7 (natural). We included the gerund for English as this is a regular alternative for such objects. The results show that extraction is licit in both configurations. This suggests that English PO-clauses are different from German and Dutch PO-clauses: They rather behave as DO-clauses allowing for extraction. Note though, that the availability of extraction from P+gerund also shows that PPs are not islands for extraction in English. Overall, this shows that there is a split between English vs. German/Dutch PO-clauses when the P/PPF is absent. While these clauses behave like PO-clauses in the latter languages, extraction does not show a difference between DO- and PO-clauses in English. We will discuss the results in relation to the questions i)–iii) above.
This paper presents the project “The first Romanian bilingual dictionaries (17th century). Digitally annotated and aligned corpus” (eRomLex) which deals with the editing of the first bilingual Romanian dictionaries. The aim of the project is to compile an electronic corpus comprising six Slavonic-Romanian lexicons dating from the 17th century, based on their relatedness and the fact that they follow a common model in order to highlight the characteristics of this lexicographical network (the affiliations between the lexicons, the way they relate to the source, the innovations towards it, their potential uses) and to facilitate the access to their content. A digital edition allows exhaustive data extraction and comparison and link with other digitized resources for old Romanian or Church Slavonic, including dictionaries. After presenting the corpus, we point to the necessary stages in achieving this project, the techniques used to access the material and the challenges and obstacles we encountered along the way. We describe how the corpus was created, stored, indexed and can be searched over; we will also present and discuss some statistical analyses highlighting relations between the Romanian lexicons and their Slavonic-Ruthenian source.
In diesem Buch werden auf einer großen empirischen Basis die regionalen Sprechweisen von verschiedenen Bevölkerungsgruppen in einem kleinen Gebiet im alemannischen Sprachraum untersucht. Als Datengrundlage dienen aktuelle, spontansprachliche und fragebuchbasierte Daten, die einander gegenübergestellt und diachron mit den Ergebnissen des Südwestdeutschen Sprachatlas (SSA) aus den 1970er Jahren verglichen werden. Es werden vorwiegend datenaggregierende Verfahren angewendet, um die regionale und soziale Gebundenheit der vorgefundenen Variation zu erfassen. Mit Hilfe von Dialektabstandsmessungen werden ausgewählte, überwiegend phonologische Merkmale im Hinblick auf Dialektwandelprozesse untersucht. Außerdem wird gezeigt, dass mit dialektometrischen Verfahren explorative Aggregatanalysen möglich sind, die es erlauben, Sprachräume zu identifizieren und dialektologisch zu beschreiben.
Wortgeschichte digital (‘digital word history’) is a new historical dictionary of New High German, the most recent period of German reaching from approximately 1600 AD up to the present. By contrast to many historical dictionaries, Wortgeschichte digital has a narrated text – a “word history” – at the core of its entries. The motivation for choosing this format rather than traditional microstructures is
briefly outlined. Special emphasis it put on the way these word histories interact with other components of the dictionary, notably with the quotation section. As Wortgeschichte digital is an online only project, visualizations play an important role for the design of the dictionary. Two examples are presented: first, the “quotation navigator” which is relevant for the microstructure of the entries, and, second, a timeline (“Zeitstrahl”) which is part of the macrostructure as it gives access to the lemma inventory from a diachronic point of view.
This think-aloud study charts the use of online resources by five final-year MA students in Nordic and Literacy Studies based on the analysis of screen and audio recordings of an error-correction task. The article briefly presents some linguistic features of Norwegian Nynorsk that are not common in the context of other European languages, that is, norm optionality with regards to inflection and spelling. While performing the task, the participants were allowed to use all digital aids. This article examines their resource consultation behavior, and it makes use of Laporte/Gilquin’s (2018) annotation protocol. The following research questions are posed: What online resources are used by the students? What characterizes the use? Are online resources helpful? This study provides new insights into an as yet little explored topic within the Norwegian context. The findings demonstrate that the participants relied heavily on the official monolingual dictionary Nynorskordboka. Indeed, the dictionary was helpful in the vast majority of the searches, either resulting in error improvement or the validation of a word; that is, many of the searches considered correct words. The findings suggest severe norm insecurity and emphasize the need to improve norm knowledge and metalinguistic knowledge as prerequisites for better utilization of aids. It is also suggested to include necessary information on norm optionality and other commonly queried issues in the dictionary architecture.
This paper gives an insight into a cross-media publishing process on different stages: from a printed bilingual syntagmatic dictionary for GFL to an online learner’s dictionary of German collocations to a German learner’s dictionary portal. On the basis of an sql database specially developed for a corpus-guided dictionary of German collocations, the bilingual syntagmatic learner’s dictionary KolleX was published in 2014. The first part of the article describes this lexicographic process, focusing the most relevant aspects of the dictionary concept, e. g. dictionary type, subject matter, corpus guided data selection and microstructure. The second part introduces the first online version of KolleX from 2016 and the profound changes in the editing system – from a desktop version (2005) to a web-based editing system (2016) –, which resulted successively in a prototype of a German learner’s dictionary portal, called E-KolleX DaF (2018–). Focusing on the aspects of dynamism and integration of different resources from a learner’s perspective the paper shows the innovative features of this new online reference work. The contribution presents the solutions for the integration of new datatypes in the database of KolleX and the linking to different data in German monolingual dictionary platforms. The paper outlines the web design, functioning and technical improvements of E-KolleX DaF. The conclusions provide an outlook to the forthcoming challenges.
Das KOLLokationsLEXikon Deutsch als Fremdsprache (KOLLEX DAF) ist ein
- korpusgestütztes Kollokationswörterbuch, da es typische Wortverbindungen, sog. Kollokationen und häufige Wortkombinationen nach bestimmten Kategorien mit ihren ungarischen Äquivalenten auflistet (Stichwort mit SUBSTANTIVEN, ADJEKTIVEN, VERBEN und ADVERBIEN bzw. in KOMBINATIONEN),
- syntagmatisches Lernerwörterbuch, da es außer Kollokationen auch die Valenz der Stichwörter und die der Kollokationen und Wortkombinationen angibt, ergänzt mit pragmatischen und morphosyntaktischen Verwendungsbeschränkungen sowie ggf. mit einem Symbol für mögliche Fehlerquellen,
- benutzerfreundliches Produktionswörterbuch, da es alle deutschen Wortverbindungen in blauer Farbe und in klar strukturierten Wörterbuchartikeln mit einem Übersichtsblock zu den Bedeutungen des Stichwortes auflistet, aber auch die Sprachrezeption mit einem umfangreichen Register unterstützt.
In the currently ongoing process of retro-digitization of Serbian dialectal dictionaries, the biggest obstacle is the lack of machine readable versions of paper editions. Therefore, one essential step is needed before venturing into the dictionary-making process in the digital environment – OCRing the pages with the highest possible accuracy. Successful retro-digitization of Serbian dialectal dictionaries, currently in progress, has shown a dire need for one basic yet necessary step, lacking until now – OCRing the pages with the highest possible accuracy. OCR processing is not a new technology, as many opensource and commercial software solutions can reliably convert scanned images of paper documents into digital documents. Available software solutions are usually efficient enough to process scanned contracts, invoices, financial statements, newspapers, and books. In cases where it is necessary to process documents that contain accented text and precisely extract each character with diacritics, such software solutions are not efficient enough. This paper presents the OCR software called “SCyDia”, developed to overcome this issue. We demonstrate the organizational structure of the OCR software “SCyDia” and the first results. The “SCyDia” is a web-based software solution that relies on the open-source software “Tesseract” in the background. “SCyDia” also contains a module for semi-automatic text correction. We have already processed over 15,000 pages, 13 dialectal dictionaries, and five dialectal monographs. At this point in our project, we have analyzed the accuracy of the “SCyDia” by processing 13 dialectal dictionaries. The results were analyzed manually by an expert who examined a number of randomly selected pages from each dictionary. The preliminary results show great promise, spanning from 97.19% to 99.87%.
This paper examines a certain subset of the vocabulary of Modern Icelandic, namely those words that are labelled as ‘ancient’ in the Dictionary of Contemporary Icelandic (DCI). The words were analysed and grouped into two main categories, 1) Words with only ‘ancient’ sense(s) and 2) words that have modern as well as an obsolete older sense. Several subgroups were identified as well as some lexical characteristics. The words in question were then analysed in two other sources, the Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (ONP) and the Icelandic Gigaword Corpus (IGC). The results show that the words belong to several semantic domains that reflect the types of texts that have survived until modern times. Most of the words are robustly attested in Old Norse sources, although there are a few exceptions. Large majority of the words can be found in Modern Icelandic texts, but to a varying degree. Limits of the corpus material makes it difficult to analyse some of the words. The result indicate that the words labelled ‘ancient’ can be divided into three main groups: a) words that are poorly attested and should perhaps not be included in the lexicographic description of Modern Icelandic; b) words that are likely to occur sometimes in Modern Icelandic; c) words that function as other inherited Old Norse words and perhaps do not require a special label or should have an additional sense in the DCI.
Politische Grenzen haben nachweislich sowohl auf den Sprachgebrauch als auch auf die Sprachwahrnehmung einen großen Einfluss. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert für den die Länder Deutschland, Österreich und Italien übergreifenden bairischen Sprachraum, wie Sprecher/Hörer diesen räumlich (horizontal-areal) sowie hinsichtlich seines Verhaltensspektrums (vertikal-sozial) gliedern. Dabei werden die Wahrnehmungen sprachlicher und außersprachlicher Merkmale und die Einstellungen dazu genauer betrachtet.
Mithilfe eines pluridimensionalen Erhebungssettings, bestehend aus Tiefeninterview, Online-Fragebogen, Mental-Map-Erhebung und Hörerurteilstest, kann gezeigt werden, dass extralinguistische Barrieren, wie etwa politische Grenzen, stark mit attitudinal-perzeptiven Grenzen korrelieren. Damit stellt im Bewusstsein der Befragten auch die Staatsgrenze zwischen Deutschland und Österreich eine Sprachgrenze dar.
Im Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer im Jahr 2015 durchgeführten Online-Umfrage vorgestellt, in der die Angemessenheit von Aussprachevarianten des Deutschen in formellen Sprechsituationen bewertet werden sollte. Zu diesem Zweck wurden den 1.964 Teilnehmer/-innen Aussprachevarianten von insgesamt 207 Lexemen vorgelegt, vor allem aus den Bereichen Wortakzent, Vokalquantität und Fremdwortrealisierung. Die Umfrageergebnisse werden tabellarisch aufgeführt und damit weiterer Forschung zur Verfügung gestellt.
Not only professional lexicographers, but also people without a professional background in lexicography, have reacted to the increased need for information on new words or medical and epidemiological terms being used in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, corona-related glossaries published on German news websites are presented, as well as different kinds of responses from professional lexicography. They are compared in terms of the amount of encyclopaedic information given and the methods of definition used. In this context, answers to corona-related words from a German questionanswer platform are also presented and analyzed. Overall, these different reactions to a unique challenge shed light on the importance of lexicography for society and vice versa.
Not only professional lexicographers, but also people without a professional background in lexicography, have reacted to the increased need for information on new words or medical and epidemiological terms being used in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, corona-related glossaries published on German news websites are presented, as well as different kinds of responses from professional lexicography. They are compared in terms of the amount of encyclopaedic information given and the methods of definition used. In this context, answers to corona-related words from a German questionanswer platform are also presented and analyzed. Overall, these different reactions to a unique challenge shed light on the importance of lexicography for society and vice versa.
A central goal of linguistics is to understand the diverse ways in which human language can be organized (Gibson et al. 2019; Lupyan/Dale 2016). In our contribution, we present results of a large scale cross-linguistic analysis of the statistical structure of written language (Koplenig/Wolfer/Meyer 2023) we approach this question from an information-theoretic perspective. To this end, we conduct a large scale quantitative cross-linguistic analysis of written language by training a language model on more than 6,500 different documents as represented in 41 multilingual text collections, so-called corpora, consisting of ~3.5 billion words or ~9.0 billion characters and covering 2,069 different languages that are spoken as a native language by more than 90% of the world population. We statistically infer the entropy of each language model as an index of un. To this end, we have trained a language model on more than 6,500 different documents as represented in 41 parallel/multilingual corpora consisting of ~3.5 billion words or ~9.0 billion characters and covering 2,069 different languages that are spoken as a native language by more than 90% of the world population or ~46% of all languages that have a standardized written representation. Figure 1 shows that our database covers a large variety of different text types, e.g. religious texts, legalese texts, subtitles for various movies and talks, newspaper texts, web crawls, Wikipedia articles, or translated example sentences from a free collaborative online database. Furthermore, we use word frequency information from the Crúbadán project that aims at creating text corpora for a large number of (especially under-resourced) languages (Scannell 2007). We statistically infer the entropy rate of each language model as an information-theoretic index of (un)predictability/complexity (Schürmann/Grassberger 1996; Takahira/Tanaka-Ishii/Dębowski 2016). Equipped with this database and information-theoretic estimation framework, we first evaluate the so-called ‘equi-complexity hypothesis’, the idea that all languages are equally complex (Sampson 2009). We compare complexity rankings across corpora and show that a language that tends to be more complex than another language in one corpus also tends to be more complex in another corpus. This constitutes evidence against the equi-complexity hypothesis from an information-theoretic perspective. We then present, discuss and evaluate evidence for a complexity-efficiency trade-off that unexpectedly emerged when we analysed our database: high-entropy languages tend to need fewer symbols to encode messages and vice versa. Given that, from an information theoretic point of view, the message length quantifies efficiency – the shorter the encoded message the higher the efficiency (Gibson et al. 2019) – this indicates that human languages trade off efficiency against complexity. More explicitly, a higher average amount of choice/uncertainty per produced/received symbol is compensated by a shorter average message length. Finally, we present results that could point toward the idea that the absolute amount of information in parallel texts is invariant across different languages.
In this presentation I show first results from an ongoing study about syntactic complexity of sanctioning turns in spoken language. This study is part of a larger project on sanctioning of misconduct in social interaction in different European languages (English, German, Italian and Polish). For the study I use video recordings of different everyday settings (family breakfasts, board game interactions and car rides) with three or four participants. These data come from the Parallel European Corpus of Informal Interaction (Kornfeld/Küttner/Zinken 2023; Küttner et al. submitted). I focus on sanctioning turns with more than one turn-constructional unit (see among others for TCUs: Sacks/Schegloff/Jefferson 1974; Clayman 2013). The study asks how often TCUs are linked to each other in the different languages, for what function, and how language diversity enters into this. Note that complex sanctioning turns do not always come as complex sentences.