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We present an approach on how to investigate what kind of semantic information is regularly associated with the structural markup of scientific articles. This approach addresses the need for an explicit formal description of the semantics of text-oriented XML-documents. The domain of our investigation is a corpus of scientific articles from psychology and linguistics from both English and German online available journals. For our analyses, we provide XML-markup representing two kinds of semantic levels: the thematic level (i.e. topics in the text world that the article is about) and the functional or rhetorical level. Our hypothesis is that these semantic levels correlate with the articles’ document structure also represented in XML. Articles have been annotated with the appropriate information. Each of the three informational levels is modelled in a separate XML document, since in our domain, the different description levels might conflict so that it is impossible to model them within a single XML document. For comparing and mining the resulting multi-layered XML annotations of one article, a Prolog-based approach is used. It focusses on the comparison of XML markup that is distributed among different documents. Prolog predicates have been defined for inferring relations between levels of information that are modelled in separate XML documents. We demonstrate how the Prolog tool is applied in our corpus analyses.
The present article describes the first stage of the KorAP project, launched recently at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim, Germany. The aim of this project is to develop an innovative corpus analysis platform to tackle the increasing demands of modern linguistic research. The platform will facilitate new linguistic findings by making it possible to manage and analyse primary data and annotations in the petabyte range, while at the same time allowing an undistorted view of the primary linguistic data, and thus fully satisfying the demands of a scientific tool. An additional important aim of the project is to make corpus data as openly accessible as possible in light of unavoidable legal restrictions, for instance through support for distributed virtual corpora, user-defined annotations and adaptable user interfaces, as well as interfaces and sandboxes for user-supplied analysis applications. We discuss our motivation for undertaking this endeavour and the challenges that face it. Next, we outline our software implementation plan and describe development to-date.
The present paper describes Corpus Query Lingua Franca (ISO CQLF), a specification designed at ISO Technical Committee 37 Subcommittee 4 “Language resource management” for the purpose of facilitating the comparison of properties of corpus query languages. We overview the motivation for this endeavour and present its aims and its general architecture. CQLF is intended as a multi-part specification; here, we concentrate on the basic metamodel that provides a frame that the other parts fit in.
The paper discusses from various angles the morphosyntactic annotation of DeReKo, the Archive of General Reference Corpora of Contemporary Written German at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), Mannheim. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part covers the practical and technical aspects of this endeavor. We present results from a recent evaluation of tools for the annotation of German text resources that have been applied to DeReKo. These tools include commercial products, especially Xerox' Finite State Tools and the Machinese products developed by the Finnish company Connexor Oy, as well as software for which academic licenses are available free of charge for academic institutions, e.g. Helmut Schmid's Tree Tagger. The second part focuses on the linguistic interpretability of the corpus annotations and more general methodological considerations concerning scientifically sound empirical linguistic research. The main challenge here is that unlike the texts themselves, the morphosyntactic annotations of DeReKo do not have the status of observed data; instead they constitute a theory and implementation-dependent interpretation. In addition, because of the enormous size of DeReKo, a systematic manual verification of the automatic annotations is not feasible. In consequence, the expected degree of inaccuracy is very high, particularly wherever linguistically challenging phenomena, such as lexical or grammatical variation, are concerned. Given these facts, a researcher using the annotations blindly will run the risk of not actually studying the language but rather the annotation tool or the theory behind it. The paper gives an overview of possible pitfalls and ways to circumvent them and discusses the opportunities offered by using annotations in corpus-based and corpus-driven grammatical research against the background of a scientifically sound methodology.
XML-based technologies offer powerful resources for open source applications in the field of e-learning. The paper describes a model of hypertext as interlinked structures that can be intertwined by cross-annotation linking. This infrastructure integrates multiple perspectives and allows creating a personal learning environment. We exemplify the approach in a case study: the Hamlet project. In the course of this project, several German translations of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet have been collected and annotated. Two different annotation layers are used to achieve a cross-linking reference between the various German translations. We will describe the theoretical background of cross-annotation linking and the actual technological implementation of the system. Additionally, we will use the personas method to gain insights into the potential benefit of the system as a personal learning environment.
Die Bedeutung von Forschungsdatenmanagement im wissenschaftspolitischen Diskurs und im wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsalltag nimmt stetig zu. Nationale und internationale Forschungsinfrastrukturen, Verbünde, disziplinäre Datenzentren und institutionelle Kompetenzzentren nähern sich den Herausforderungen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Data Center for the Humanities an der Universität zu Köln als Beispiel für ein universitäres Datenzentrum mit fachlicher Spezialisierung auf die Geisteswissenschaften vor.
This paper presents the application of the <tiger2/> format to various linguistic scenarios with the aim of making it the standard serialisation for the ISO 24615 [1] (SynAF) standard. After outlining the main characteristics of both the SynAF metamodel and the <tiger2/> format, as extended from the initial Tiger XML format [2], we show through a range of different language families how <tiger2/> covers a variety of constituency and dependency based analyses.
In 2010, ISO published a standard for syntactic annotation, ISO 24615:2010 (SynAF). Back then, the document specified a comprehensive reference model for the representation of syntactic annotations, but no accompanying XML serialisation. ISO’s subcommittee on language resource management (ISO TC 37/SC 4) is working on making the SynAF serialisation ISOTiger an additional part of the standard. This contribution addresses the current state of development of ISOTiger, along with a number of open issues on which we are seeking community feedback in order to ensure that ISOTiger becomes a useful extension to the SynAF reference model.
The CLARIN infrastructure as an interoperable language technology platform for SSH and beyond
(2023)
CLARIN is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium developing and providing a federated and interoperable platform to support scientists in the field of the Social Sciences and Humanities in carrying-out language-related research. This contribution provides an overview of the entire infrastructure with a particular focus on tool interoperability, ease of access to research data, tools and services, the importance of sharing knowledge within and across (national) communities, and community building. By taking into account FAIR principles from the very beginning, CLARIN succeeded in becoming a successful example of a research infrastructure that is actively used by its members. The benefits CLARIN members reap from their infrastructure secure a future for their common good that is both sustainable and attractive to partners beyond the original target groups.
XML has been designed for creating structured documents, but the information that is encoded in these structures are, by definition, out of scope for XML. Additional sources, normally not easily interpretable by computers, such as documentation are needed to determine the intention of specific tags in a tag-set. The Component Metadata Infrastructure (CMDI) takes a rather pragmatic approach to foster interoperability between XML instances in the domain of metadata descriptions for language resources. This paper gives an overview of this approach.
This paper introduces the recently started DRuKoLA-project that aims at providing mechanisms to flexibly draw virtual comparable corpora from the German Reference Corpus DeReKo and the Reference Corpus of Contemporary Romanian Language CoRoLa in order to use these virtual corpora as empirical basis for contrastive linguistic research.
CLARIN stands for “Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure”. In 2012 CLARIN ERIC was established as a legal entity with the mission to create and maintain a digital infrastructure to support the sharing, use, and sustainability of language data (in written, spoken, or multimodal form) available through repositories from all over Europe, in support of research in the humanities and social sciences and beyond. Since 2016 CLARIN has had the status of Landmark research infrastructure and currently it provides easy and sustainable access to digital language data and also offers advanced tools to discover, explore, exploit, annotate, analyse, or combine such datasets, wherever they are located. This is enabled through a networked federation of centres: language data repositories, service centres, and knowledge centres with single sign-on access for all members of the academic community in all participating countries. In addition, CLARIN offers open access facilities for other interested communities of use, both inside and outside of academia. Tools and data from different centres are interoperable, so that data collections can be combined and tools from different sources can be chained to perform operations at different levels of complexity. The strategic agenda adopted by CLARIN and the activities undertaken are rooted in a strong commitment to the Open Science paradigm and the FAIR data principles. This also enables CLARIN to express its added value for the European Research Area and to act as a key driver of innovation and contributor to the increasing number of industry programmes running on data-driven processes and the digitalization of society at large.
KorAP is a corpus search and analysis platform, developed at the Institute for the German Language (IDS). It supports very large corpora with multiple annotation layers, multiple query languages, and complex licensing scenarios. KorAP’s design aims to be scalable, flexible, and sustainable to serve the German Reference Corpus DEREKO for at least the next decade. To meet these requirements, we have adopted a highly modular microservice-based architecture. This paper outlines our approach: An architecture consisting of small components that are easy to extend, replace, and maintain. The components include a search backend, a user and corpus license management system, and a web-based user frontend. We also describe a general corpus query protocol used by all microservices for internal communications. KorAP is open source, licensed under BSD-2, and available on GitHub.
L’article intitulé «Traitement de l’information: Spinfo, HKI et humanités numériques - l’expérience de Cologne» présente l’histoire du développement des humanités numériques au sein de l’Université de Cologne. L'institutionnalisation des humanités numériques a commencé encore à l’époque où dans le monde germanophone le périmètre de la discipline était en train d’être défini par les travaux de quelques pionniers. Parmi eux, il convient de souligner le rôle d’Elisabeth Burr, active notamment à Tubingue, Duisbourg, Brême et Leipzig.L’article retrace le développement des humanités numériques à Cologne à partir de leurs débuts dans les années soixante du 20ème siècle, en passant par leur consolidation dans les années quatre-vingt-dix, jusqu’aux deux dernières décennies, quand Cologne est devenu un centre important de cette discipline. Le processus illustre comment une nouvelle discipline scientifique peut s’institutionnaliser au sein d’une université allemande. L’article décrit la perspective de deux domaines fondateurs: le traitement linguistique de l’information (en allemand: Sprachliche Informationsverarbeitung, Spinfo) et le traitement historico-culturel de l’information (en allemand: Historisch Kulturwissenschaftliche Informationsverarbeitung, HKI) et leur synthèse, qui a abouti en 2017 à la création de l’Institut des Humanités Numériques (Digital Humanities), qui aujourd’hui est - du point de vue interne - une composante de la Faculté de Philosophie de l’Université de Cologne et - du point de vue externe - une partie intégrante de la communauté internationale des humanités numériques.
This document presents ongoing work related to spoken language data within a project that aims to establish a common and unified infrastructure for the sustainable provision of linguistic primary research data at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS). In furtherance of its mission to “document the German language as it is currently used”, the project expects to enable the research community to access a broad empirical base of working material via a single platform. While the goal is to eventually cover all linguistically relevant digital resources of the IDS, including lexicographic information systems such as the IDS German Vocabulary Portal, OWID, written language corpora such as the IDS German Reference Corpus, DeReKo, and spoken language corpora such as the IDS German Speech Corpus for Research and Teaching, FOLK, the work presented here predominantly focuses on the latter type of data, i.e. speech corpora. Within this context, the present document pictures the project’s contributions to the development of standards and best practice guidelines concerning data storage, process documentation and legal issues for the sustainable preservation and long-term accessibility of primary linguistic research data.
Preface
(2022)
In TextGrid gibt es verschiedene Content-Provider, deren Ressourcen nicht ohne weiteres in der TextGrid-Infrastruktur zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. Die Ursache hierfür ist, dass die erforderlichen Zugriffsbeschränkungen bislang nicht von der existierenden Autorisierungsinfrastruktur abgebildet werden können. Beispielsweise ist es für den Zugriff auf einige Ressourcen am Institut für Deutsche Sprache notwendig, dass Benutzer einen Lizenzvertrag akzeptieren. Um diesen Content-Providern die Bereitstellung ihrer Ressourcen in TextGrid zu ermöglichen, muss die bestehende Autorisierungsinfrastruktur erweitert werden, um feinere Zugriffsbeschränkungen zu ermöglichen.
Für die Lizenzierung der in TextGrid bereitgestellten Software und Daten wird künftig eine Lizenzierung benötigt, welche der offenen Struktur der angestrebten Forschungsplattform gerecht wird. Hierfür entwickelt AP 3.2 Musterlizenzvereinbarungen mit unterschiedlichen Content-Providern. Im Folgenden soll ein Überblick über unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Lizenzierung gegeben werden, um sowohl potenziell für TextGrid heranzuziehende Fremd-Software zu evaluieren als auch eine Orientierung für die Lizenzierung eigener Produkte und Daten zu geben. Letztendlich soll eine Empfehlung für ein möglicherweise in TextGrid angewandtes Modell gegeben werden.
Im zweiten Teil dieses Textes wird ein Konzept für die neue TextGrid-Middleware-Komponente TG-license vorgestellt, durch die auch lizensierter Content im Rahmen von TextGridRep zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann.
Gegenstand des Workshop-Beitrags ist die Verknüpfung heterogener linguistischer Ressourcen. Eine bedeutende Teilmenge von Ressourcen in der gegenwärtigen linguistischen Forschung und Anwendung besteht zum einen aus XML-annotierten Textdokumenten und zum anderen aus externen Ressourcen wie Grammatiken, Lexika oder Ontologien. Es wird eine Architektur vorgestellt, die eine Integration heterogener Ressourcen erlaubt, wobei die Methoden zur Integration unabhängig von der jeweiligen Anwendung sind und somit verschiedene Verknüpfungen ermöglichen. Eine exemplarische Anwendung der Methodologie ist die Analyse anaphorischer Beziehungen.
The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, an approach is presented how to select the correct antecedent for an anaphoric element according to the kind of text segments in which both of them occur. Basically, information on logical text structure (e.g. chapters, sections, paragraphs) is used in order to select the antecedent life span of a linguistic expression, i.e. some linguistic expressions are more likely to be chosen as an antecedent throughout the whole text than others. In addition, an appropriate search scope for an anaphora expressed by an expression can be defined according to the document structuring elements that include the linguistic expression. Corpus investigations give rise to the supposition that logical text structure influences the search scope of candidates for antecedents. Second, a solution is presented how to integrate the resources used for anaphora resolution. In this approach, multi-layered XML annotation is used in order to make a set of resources accessible for the anaphora resolution system.
This paper will address the challenge of creating a knowledge graph from a corpus of historical encyclopedias with a special focus on word sense alignment (WSA) and disambiguation (WSD). More precisely, we examine WSA and WSD approaches based on article similarity to link messy historical data, utilizing Wikipedia as aground-truth component – as the lack of a critical overlap in content paired with the amount of variation between and within the encyclopedias does not allow for choosing a ”baseline” encyclopedia to align the others to. Additionally, we are comparing the disambiguation performance of conservative methods like the Lesk algorithm to more recent approaches, i.e. using language models to disambiguate senses.
Twenty-two historical encyclopedias encoded in TEI: a new resource for the Digital Humanities
(2020)
This paper accompanies the corpus publication of EncycNet, a novel XML/TEI annotated corpus of 22 historical German encyclopedias from the early 18th to early 20th century. We describe the creation and annotation of the corpus, including the rationale for its development, suggested methodology for TEI annotation, possible use cases and future work. While many well-developed annotation standards for lexical resources exist, none can adequately model the encyclopedias at hand, and we therefore suggest how the TEI Lex-0 standard may be modified with additional guidelines for the annotation of historical encyclopedias. As the digitization and annotation of historical encyclopedias are settling on TEI as the de facto standard, our methodology may inform similar projects.
The European digital research infrastructure CLARIN (Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure) is building a Knowledge Sharing Infrastructure (KSI) to ensure that existing knowledge and expertise is easily available both for the CLARIN community and for the humanities research communities for which CLARIN is being developed. Within the Knowledge Sharing Infrastructure, so called Knowledge Centres comprise one or more physical institutions with particular expertise in certain areas and are committed to providing their expertise in the form of reliable knowledge-sharing services. In this paper, we present the ninth K Centre – the CLARIN Knowledge Centre for Linguistic Diversity and Language Documentation (CKLD) – and the expertise and services provided by the member institutions at the Universities of London (ELAR/SWLI), Cologne (DCH/IfDH/IfL) and Hamburg (HZSK/INEL). The centre offers information on current best practices, available resources and tools, and gives advice on technological and methodological matters for researchers working within relevant fields.
The German Historical Institute Washington (GHI) is in the development phase of German History Digital (GH-D), a transatlantic digital initiative to meet the scholarly needs of historians and their students facing new historiographical and technological challenges. In the proposed paper we will discuss the research goals, methodology, prototyping, and development strategy of GH-D as infrastructure to facilitate transnational historical knowledge co-creation for the large community of researchers and students already relying on digital resources of the GHI and for the growing constituency of citizen scholars.
Making CONCUR work
(2005)
The SGML feature CONCUR allowed for a document to be simultaneously marked up in multiple conflicting hierarchical tagsets but validated and interpreted in one tagset at a time. Alas, CONCUR was rarely implemented, and XML does not address the problem of conflicting hierarchies at all. The MuLaX document syntax is a non-XML syntax that enables multiply-encoded hierarchies by distinguishing different “layers” in the hierarchy by adding a layer ID as a prefix to the element names. The IDs tie all the elements in a single hierarchy together in an “annotation layer”. Extraction of a single annotation layer results in a well-formed XML document, and each annotation layer may be associated with an XML schema. The MuLaX processing model works on the nodes of one annotation layer at a time through Xpath-like navigation. CONCUR lives!
Open Science and language data: Expectations vs. reality. The role of research data infrastructures
(2023)
Language data are essential for any scientific endeavor. However, unlike numerical data, language data are often protected by copyright, as they easily meet the threshold of originality. The role of research infrastructures (such CLARIN, DARIAH, and Text+) is to bridge the gap between uses allowed by statutory exceptions and the requirements of Open Science. This is achieved on the one hand by sharing language data produced by research organisations with the widest possible circle of persons, and on the other by mutualizing efforts towards copyright clearance and appropriate licensing of datasets.
Providing online repositories for language resources is one of the main activities of CLARIN centres. The legal framework regarding liability of Service Providers for content uploaded by their users has recently been modified by the new Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. A new category of Service Providers, Online Content-Sharing Service Providers (OCSSPs), was added. It is subject to a complex and strict framework, including the requirement to obtain licenses from rightholders for the hosted content. This paper provides the background and effect of these changes to law and aims to initiate a debate on how CLARIN repositories should navigate this new legal landscape.
Despite being an official language of several countries in Central and Western Europe, German is not formally recognised as the official language of the Federal Republic of Germany. However, in certain situations the use of the German language, including the spelling rules, is subject to state regulation (by acts of Federal Parliament orby administrative decisions). This article presents the content of this regulation, its scope, and the historical context in which it was adopted.
Ethical issues in Language Resources and Language Technology are often invoked, but rarely discussed. This is at least partly because little work has been done to systematize ethical issues and principles applicable in the fields of Language Resources and Language Technology. This paper provides an overview of ethical issues that arise at different stages of Language Resources and Language Technology development, from the conception phase through the construction phase to the use phase. Based on this overview, the authors propose a tentative taxonomy of ethical issues in Language Resources and Language Technology, built around five principles: Privacy, Property, Equality, Transparency and Freedom. The authors hope that this tentative taxonomy will facilitate ethical assessment of projects in the field of Language Resources and Language Technology, and structure the discussion on ethical issues in this domain, which may eventually lead to the adoption of a universally accepted Code of Ethics of the Language Resources and Language Technology community.
Der grammatiktheoretische Anteil des Linguistikstudiums und die damit verbundenen Forschungsfelder in verschiedenen Anwendungsgebieten sind heute an vielen Universitäten "ökumenisch" ausgerichtet. Das soll heißen, dass man sich - als Studierender wie als Wissenschaftler - nicht auf eine theoretische Schule einschwören muss, sondern mit verschiedenen Ansätzen experimentieren kann.
This paper discusses current trends in DeReKo, the German Reference Corpus, concerning legal issues around the recent German copyright reform with positive implications for corpus building and corpus linguistics in general, recent corpus extensions in the genres of popular magazines, journals, historical texts, and web-based football reports. Besides, DeReKo is finally accessible via the new
corpus research platform KorAP, offering registered users several news features in comparison with its predecessor COSMAS II.
This paper describes the efforts in the field of sustainability of the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim with respect to DEREKO (Deutsches Referenzkorpus) the Archive of General Reference Corpora of Contemporary Written German. With focus on re-usability and sustainability, we discuss its history and our future plans. We describe legal challenges related to the creation of a large and sustainable resource; sketch out the pipeline used to convert raw texts to the final corpus format and outline migration plans to TEI P5. Due to the fact, that the current version of the corpus management and query system is pushed towards its limits, we discuss the requirements for a new version which will be able to handle current and future DEREKO releases. Furthermore, we outline the institute’s plans in the field of digital preservation.
Grundlage dieses Artikels* 1 ist das Verbundprojekt „Nachhaltigkeit linguistischer Daten“ der drei Sonderforschungsbereiche 441, 538 und 632, dessen Ziel es ist, Lösungen für die nachhaltige Verfügbarkeit der an den SFBs vorhandenen Korpora zu entwickeln. Ein zentraler Aspekt betrifft die Klärung der Rechtslage für die Nutzung und Weitergabe linguistischer Ressourcen, die durch das Urheber- sowie das Datenschutzrecht geschützt sind. Eine als indifferent wahrgenommene rechtliche Situation wird in der Praxis oft als das entscheidende Hindernis für die Weitergabe linguistischer Daten angeführt. Tatsächlich jedoch sind Nutzung und Weitergabe von Daten zu wissenschaftlichen Zwecken normativ geregelt. Problematisch ist oftmals die Einordnung der speziellen linguistischen Daten als Schutzgegenstand sowie die Tatsache, dass an linguistische Daten und Datensammlungen aufgrund ihrer komplexen und vielschichtigen Beschaffenheit durchaus mehrere Urheber Rechte besitzen können, die sich auf verschiedene Inhalte beziehen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das geltende Recht sowie die juristischen und natürlichen Personen, die potentiell Rechte an linguistisch aufbereiteten Datenkollektionen besitzen. Es ist nicht Gegenstand dieses Artikels, rechtsverbindliche Aussagen zu treffen, die auf eine Nutzung und Weitergabe jedweder Daten angewandt werden. Der Artikel orientiert sich in seiner Struktur und thematischen Tiefe bewusst nicht an einem juristischen Publikum, sondern beschreibt die Problematik aus geisteswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Zusammen mit einem Überblick über das vom Umgang mit linguistischen Datensammlungen betroffene Recht, das Urheberrechtsgesetz (Abschnitt 1) und das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz (Abschnitt 2), wird in den jeweiligen Abschnitten auch eine Klassifikation der Daten aus juristischer Sicht vorgenommen. Anschließend werden Lösungsansätze vorgestellt, die im Rahmen des o. g. Verbundprojektes erarbeitet werden (Abschnitt 3).
Digital Text Collections, Linguistic Research Data, and Mashups: Notes on the Legal Situation
(2008)
Comprehensive data repositories are an essential part of practically all research carried out in the digital humanities nowadays. For example, library science, literary studies, and computational and corpus linguistics strongly depend on online archives that are highly sustainable and that contain not only digitized texts but also audio and video data as well as additional information such as metadata and arbitrary annotations. Current Web technologies, especially those that are related to what is commonly referred to as the Web 2.0, provide a number of novel functions such as multiuser editing or the inclusion of third-party content and applications that are also highly attractive for research applications in the areas mentioned above. Hand in hand with this development goes a high degree of legal uncertainty. The special nature of the data entails that, in quite a few cases, there are multiple holders of personal rights (mostly copyright) to different layers of data that often have different origins. This article discusses the legal problems of multiple authorships in private, commercial, and research environments. We also introduce significant differences between European and U.S. law with regard to the handling of this kind of data for scientific purposes.
Als Teil der NFDI vernetzt Text+ ortsverteilt verschiedenste Daten und Dienste für die geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung und stellt sie der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft FAIR zur Verfügung. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir die Umsetzung beispielhaft im Bereich der Text+ Datendomäne Sammlungen anhand von Korpora, die in verschiedenen Disziplinen Verwendung finden. Die Infrastruktur ist auf Erweiterbarkeit ausgelegt, so dass auch weitere Ressourcen über Text+ verfügbar gemacht werden können. Enthalten ist auch ein Ausblick auf weitere zu erwartende Entwicklungen. Ein Beitrag zur 9. Tagung des Verbands "Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum" - DHd 2023 Open Humanities Open Culture.
In this paper we present an approach to faceted search in large language resource repositories. This kind of search which enables users to browse through the repository by choosing their personal sequence of facets heavily relies on the availability of descriptive metadata for the objects in the repository. This approach therefore informs the collection of a minimal set of metatdata for language resources. The work described in this paper has been funded by the EC within the ESFRI infrastructure project CLARIN.
Der vorliegende Band befasst sich mit dem Stand und der Entwicklung von Forschungsinfrastrukturen für die germanistische Linguistik und einigen angrenzenden Bereichen. Einen zentralen Aspekt dabei bildet die Notwendigkeit, Kooperativität in der Wissenschaft im institutionellen Sinne, aber auch in Hinsicht auf die wissenschaftliche Praxis zu organisieren. Dies geschieht in Verbunden als Kooperationsstrukturen, wobei Sprachwissenschaft und Sprachtechnologie miteinander verbunden werden. Als zentraler Forschungsressource kommen dabei Korpora und ihrer Erschließung durch spezielle, linguistisch motivierte Informationssysteme besondere Bedeutung zu. Auf der Ebene der Daten werden durch Annotations- und Modellierungsstandards die Voraussetzung für eine nachhaltige Nutzbarkeit derartiger Ressourcen geschaffen.
Sprachverfall? Einleitung
(2014)