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Based on the privative derivational suffix -los, we test statements found in the literature on word formation using a – at least in this field – novel empirical basis: a list of affective-emotional ratings of base nouns and associated -los derivations. In addition to a frequency analysis based on the German Reference Corpus, we show that, in general, emotional polarity (so-called valence, positive vs. negative emotions) is reversed by suffixation with -los. This change is stronger for more polarized base nouns. The perceived intensity of emotion (so-called arousal) is generally lower for -los derivations than for base nouns. Finally, to capture the results theoretically, we propose a prototypical -los construction in the framework of Construction Morphology.
This chapter focuses on the formation of adverbs from a corpuslinguistic perspective, providing an overview of adverb formation patterns in German that includes frequencies and hints to productivity as well as combining quantitative methods and theoretically founded hypotheses to address questions that concern possible grammaticalization paths in domains that are formally marked by prepositional elements or inflectional morphology (in particular, superlative or superlative-derived forms). Within our collection of adverb types from the project corpus, special attention is paid to adverbs built from primary prepositions. The data suggest that generally, such adverb formation involves the saturation of the internal argument slot of the relation-denoting preposition. In morphologically regular formations with the preposition in final position, pronominal forms like da ‘there’, hier ‘here’, wo ‘where’ as well as hin ‘hither’ and her ‘thither’ serve to derive adverbs. On the other hand, morphologically irregular formations with the preposition – in particular: zu ‘to’ or vor ‘before, in front of’ – in initial posi-tion show traits of syntactic origin such as (remnants of) inflectional morphology. The pertaining adverb type dominantly saturates the internal argument slot by means of universal quantification that is part and parcel as well of the derivation of superlatives and demonstrably fuels the productivity of the pertaining formation pattern.
Zur Analyse von Derivationen
(1992)
Die Arbeit untersucht die Existenzbedingungen und die Verwendung der nominalen -ei-Ableitungen im modernen Deutsch anhand eines umfangreichen Materials aus den Mannheimer Korpora. Zentral sind dabei die Semantik der vor allem denominalen und deverbialen Wörter, die Art und Weise der Ableitung, die Art und Weise der Komposition und nicht zuletzt die Valenz der deverbalen Ableitungen, d.h. die Valenzvererbung. Inwiefern werden die Verbsatelliten an die abgeleiteten Nomina vererbt, und in welcher Form treten sie auf? Die Arbeit enthält auch Exkurse zu -ei-Ableitungen im Wortspiel, in der Gauner- und Diebessprache, in der Umgangssprache sowie in der Sprache der Sexualität.