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Funktionsverbgefüge stehen seit jeher in der Sprachkritik, die sich nun auch auf digitale Räume ausbreitet. Vertreten wird dort die These, Funktionsverbgefüge und ihre entsprechenden Basisverben seien äquivalent und könnten in allen Kontexten durch die verbalen Entsprechungen ersetzt werden. Dies kann durch die vorliegende korpusbasierte und textlinguistische Studie am Beispiel des Gefüges Frage stellen widerlegt werden. Anhand eines extensiven Datenmaterials aus den Wikipedia-Artikel-Korpora des IDS zeige ich die semantischen, grammatischen und textlinguistischen Unterschiede zwischen dem Basisverb und dem Funktionsverbgefüge im Gebrauch auf, die sich in der Anreicherung, Verdichtung, Perspektivierung, Gewichtung und Wiederaufnahme von Informationen im Text manifestieren.
The proposed contribution will shed light on current and future challenges on legal and ethical questions in research data infrastructures. The authors of the proposal will present the work of NFDI’s section on Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects (hereinafter: ELSA), whose aim is to facilitate cross-disciplinary cooperation between the NFDI consortia in the relevant areas of management and re-use of research data.
“Die Sprach-Checker” (Eng. “Language Checkers”) are young citizen scientists from Mannheim’s highly diverse district Neckarstadt-West. Together with linguists, they investigate a tremendous treasure: their own multilingualism. They are exploring and (re)discovering their own languages and the other languages used in their environment while documenting and reflecting on their everyday experiences in and with different linguistic practices. Our aim is to raise awareness of their strengths and to promote appreciation for their language biographies, thus fostering a sense of identification with one’s own linguistic surroundings. Such a joint research endeavour offers empirical opportunities to address (linguistic) issues of societal relevance by collecting authentic data from the multicultural district and involving its residents and local stakeholders. In this paper, we will provide insights regarding the project’s background, conception, and outcomes. We address everyone who is planning or conducting a citizen science project with young people, especially children and adolescents, or who works at the interface between science and society.
‘Can’ and ‘must’-type modal verbs in the direct sanctioning of misconduct across European languages
(2023)
Deontic meanings of obligation and permissibility have mostly been studied in relation to modal verbs, even though researchers are aware that such meanings can be conveyed in other ways (consider, for example, the contributions to Nuyts/van der Auwera (eds.) 2016). This presentation reports on an ongoing project that examines deontic meaning but takes as its starting point not a type of linguistic structure but a particular kind of social moment that presumably attracts deontic talk: The management of potentially ‚unacceptable‘ or untoward actions (taking the last bread roll at breakfast, making a disallowed move during a board game, etc.). Data come from a multi-language parallel video corpus of everyday social interaction in English, German, Italian, and Polish. Here, we focus on moments in which one person sanctions another’s behavior as unacceptable. Using interactional-linguistic methods (Couper-Kuhlen/Selting 2018), we examine similarities and differences across these four languages in the use of modal verbs as part of such sanctioning attempts. First results suggest that modal verbs are not as common in the sanctioning of misconduct as one might expect. Across the four languages, only between 10%–20% of relevant sequences involve a modal verb. Most of the time, in this context, speakers achieve deontic meaning in other ways (e.g., infinitives such as German nicht so schmatzen, ‚no smacking‘). This raises the question what exactly modal verbs, on those relatively rare occasions when they are used, contribute to the accomplishment of deontic meaning. The reported study pursues this question in two ways: 1) By considering similarities across languages in the ways that modal verbs interact with other (verbal) means in the sanctioning of misconduct.; 2) By considering differences across languages in the use of modal verbs. Here, we find that the relevant modal verbs are used similarly in some activity contexts (enforcing rules during board games), but less so in other activity contexts (mundane situations with no codified rules). In sum, the presented study adds to cross-linguistically grounded knowledge about deontic meaning and its relationships to linguistics structures.
Durch die gewachsene Bedeutung der Psychoonkologie ist das Themenfeld der Krankheitsverarbeitung (Coping) vermehrt in das Blickfeld der Forschung gerückt. Gleichzeitig entstehen im Web 2.0 neue digitale Formen der intermedialen narrativen Repräsentation von Krankheit, Leid und Krankheitsbewältigung (Cybercoping), wodurch sich für Betroffene neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen, eine Erkrankung durch medienvermittelte Kommunikation und Vergemeinschaftung zu bewältigen und sich eine soziale Identität als chronisch Kranke zu verleihen (vgl. Deppermann 2018). Der Beitrag präsentiert auf theoretischer Basis der Copingforschung sowie der Gesprächsforschung zu narrativer Identitätsbildung eruierte Copingstrategien in Krankheitsnarrativen von Krebspatientinnen und -patienten. Coping wird als kommunikativer Prozess verstanden, der sich in Sprachhandlungen widerspiegelt. Das Untersuchungsmaterial bilden autobiografische Erzählungen in Internetvideos, öffentlich geteilt von zwanzig Betroffenen auf der Social-Media-Plattform YouTube. Copingmechanismen werden in den untersuchten Narrativen in Form von emotionsgeladenen Sprachäußerungen und humoristisch bzw. ironisch gefärbten Sprachhandlungen zur Emotionsregulierung und Entlastung sowie in Gestalt von metaphorischen Deutungsmustern und Personifizierungen der (Tumor-)Erkrankung angezeigt. In den Sprachhandlungen der Erzählenden wird aktives problemorientiertes Coping durch sich selbst und die Community aktivierende Sprache, eine häufig agentivische Selbstdarstellung und -positionierung der Betroffenen und eine durch Positivierung und Neubewertung sinnstiftende Kohärenz sichtbar.
Die Darstellung von und Arbeit mit Transkripten spielt in vielen forschungs- und anwendungsbezogenen Arbeiten mit Daten gesprochener Sprache eine wichtige Rolle. Der im ZuMult-Projekt entwickelte Prototyp ZuViel (Zugang zu Visualisierung von Transkripten) knüpft an etablierte Verfahren zur Transkriptdarstellung an und erweitert diese durch neue Möglichkeiten des interaktiven Arbeitens mit Transkripten im digitalen Medium. Der Beitrag führt in diese neuen Möglichkeiten ein und erklärt, wie sie in didaktischen DaF/DaZ-Kontexten aber auch hinsichtlich forschungsbezogener Perspektiven angewendet werden können
ZuRecht steht für Zugang zur Recherche in Transkripten. Es handelt sich um eine prototypische Implementierung einer webbasierten grafischen Benutzeroberfläche, welche Zugriff auf Transkripte gesprochener Sprache aus dem Archiv für Gesprochenes Deutsch (AGD) des Leibniz-Instituts für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) bietet. Der Zugriff erfolgt über die neue, im Projekt „ZuMult“ entwickelte Schnittstelle zur Suche in mündlichen Korpora. ZuRecht dient einerseits der Demonstration der Möglichkeiten der neuen Schnittstelle, indem es komplexe Suchanfragen mit der speziell für die Korpusrecherche entwickelten Anfragesprache CQP auf Transkriptionen gesprochener Sprache erlaubt. Andererseits kommt ZuRecht als Erweiterung der Datenbank für Gesprochenes Deutsch (DGD) zum Einsatz und eröffnet den DGD-Nutzer:innen viele neue Forschungsmöglichkeiten, insbesondere auf den Gebieten der Gesprächsanalyse und der DaF/DaZ-bezogenen Forschung. Im Beitrag werden die Funktionalitäten von ZuRecht ausführlich vorgestellt und ihre Einsatzmöglichkeiten in den genannten Disziplinen exemplarisch vorgeführt.
Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Überblick über das von der DFG geförderte Projekt Zugänge zu multimodalen Korpora gesprochener Sprache – Vernetzung und zielgruppenspezifische Ausdifferenzierung (ZuMult) gegeben. Dabei wird zunächst auf die Sprachdaten und auf die technische Basis der Applikationen eingegangen, die dem Projekt zugrunde liegen. Im Anschluss werden die weiteren Beiträge in diesem Themenheft von KorDaF kurz vorgestellt. Übergeordnetes Thema von ZuMult ist die Verbesserung der Zugänglichkeit von digitalen mündlichen Sprachdaten für verschiedene Anwendungen und Zielgruppen, wobei der Fokus dieses Themenhefts auf Applikationen und Anwender:innen aus der Fremdsprachendidaktik und der DaF-/DaZ-Forschung und -Lehre liegt. Die einzelnen Beiträge beleuchten zentrale methodische und/oder technische Aspekte dieses Themas und beschreiben die Architektur und verschiedene prototypische Anwendungen, die das Projekt entwickelt hat.
This study investigates other-initiated repair and its embodied dimension in casual English as lingua franca (ELF) conversations, thereby contributing to the further understanding of multimodal repair practices in social interaction. Using multimodal conversation analysis, we focus on two types of restricted other-initiation of repair (OIR): partial repeats preceded or followed by the question word what (i.e., what X?/X what?) and copular interrogative clauses (i.e., what is X). Partial repeats with what produced with rising final intonation are consistently accompanied by a head poke and treated as relating to troubles in hearing, with the repair usually consisting of a repeat. In contrast to these partial repeats, copular interrogative clauses are produced with downward final intonation and accompanied by face-related embodied conduct. The what is X OIRs primarily target code-switched lexical items, the understanding of which is critical for maintaining the repair initiator’s involvement in the ongoing sequence. This study also contributes some general reflections on the possible complexity of OIR and repair practices from a multimodal perspective.
Ways out of the dictionary: hyperlinks to other sources in German and African online dictionaries
(2023)
This study examines a number of German and African online dictionaries to see how they make use of the possibility of linking to external sources (e.g. other dictionaries, encyclopaedias, or even corpus data). The article investigates which hyperlinks occur at which places in the word articles and how these are presented to the dictionary users. This is done against the background of metalexicographic considerations on the planning of outer features and the mediostructure in online dictionaries as well as different categorizations of hyperlinks in online reference works. The results show that retro-digitized dictionaries make virtually no use of hyperlinks to external sources. Genuine online dictionaries, on the other hand, do, but often in a form that needs improvement, since, for example, explanations of dictionary-external links are not always found in the user guide and their design is different even within a dictionary.
Prediction is a central mechanism in the human language processing architecture. The psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic literature has seen a lively debate about what form prediction may take and what status it has for language processing in the human mind and brain. While predictions are a ubiquitous finding, the implications of these results for models of language processing differ. For instance, eyetracking data suggest that predictions may rely on sublexical orthographic information in natural reading, while electrophysiological data provide mixed evidence for form-based predictions during reading. Other research has revealed that humans rapidly adapt to text specifics and that their predictive capacity varies, broadly speaking, in accordance with inter- and intra-individual language proficiency, which cuts across the speaker groups (e.g. L1 vs. L2 speakers, skilled vs. untrained readers) traditionally used for experimental contrasts. There is therefore evidence that the kind and strength of linguistic predictions depend on (at least) three sources of variability in language processing: speaker, text genre and experimental method.
The aim of this Research Topic is to develop a better understanding of prediction in light of the three sources of variability in language processing, by providing an overview of state-of-the art research on predictive language processing and by bringing together research from various disciplines.
First, intra-and inter-individual differences and their influence on predictive processes remain underrepresented in experimental research on predictive processing. How do language users differ in their predictive abilities and strategies, and how are these differences shaped by e.g. biological, social and cultural factors?
Second, while language users experience great stylistic diversity in their daily language exposure and use, the majority of language processing research still focuses on a very constrained register of well-controlled sentences composed in the standard language. How are predictions shaped by extra- and meta-linguistic context, such as register/genre or accent/speaker identity, and how may this influence the processing of experimental items in another language or text variety?
Third, the Research Topic invites contributions that make use of a multi-method approach, such as combined behavioral and electrophysiological measures or experimental methods combined with measures extracted from corpus data. What opportunities and challenges do we face when integrating multiple approaches to examine linguistic, experimental and individual differences in human predictive capacity?
We welcome contributions from all areas of empirical psycho- and neurolinguistics, but contributions must explicitly address variability and variation in language and language processing. Relevant topics include individual differences and the impact of genre, modality, register and language variety. Contributions that go beyond single word and single sentence paradigms are especially desirable. Experimental, corpus-based, meta-analytic and review papers, as well as theoretical/opinion pieces are welcome; however, papers of the latter type should support their arguments with substantial empirical evidence from the literature. Particularly desirable are contributions which combine topics and/or methods, such as the impact of an individual's native dialect on processing of constructions that show variability in the standard language (e.g. choice of auxiliary, agreement of mass nouns, etc.) or experimental methods combined with measures extracted from corpus data such as information-theoretic surprisal.
Die Gedichte Georg Trakls gelten allgemein als semantisch schwer zugänglich und stellen Gedichtinterpretationen vor einige Herausforderungen. Im Zentrum dieses Aufsatzes steht ein einzelner satzwertiger Vers aus einem Gedicht Trakls. Ziel ist es zu zeigen, wie literaturwissenschaftliche Interpretationen dieses Verses linguistisch rekonstruiert werden können, und zwar auf der Basis von grundlegenden lexikalischen Eigenschaften, Prozessen der Bedeutungsverschiebung, pragmatisch basierten Anreicherungsprozessen, Welt- und literarischem Wissen und insbesondere detaillierten Annahmen zur Argumentstruktur. Die changierende Bedeutung des untersuchten Verses, so eine der Schlussfolgerungen dieses Aufsatzes, basiert dabei neben Uminterpretationen und Bedeutungsanreicherungen insbesondere auf der Amalgamierung verschiedener Argumentstrukturmuster.
Neologisms, i.e., new words or meanings, are finding their way into everyday language use all the time. In the process, already existing elements of a language are recombined or linguistic material from other languages is borrowed. But are borrowed neologisms accepted similarly well by the speech community as neologisms that were formed from “native” material? We investigate this question based on neologisms in German. Building on the corresponding results of a corpus study, we test the hypothesis of whether “native” neologisms are more readily accepted than those borrowed from English. To do so, we use a psycholinguistic experimental paradigm that allows us to estimate the degree of uncertainty of the participants based on the mouse trajectories of their responses. Unexpectedly, our results suggest that the neologisms borrowed from English are accepted more frequently, more quickly, and more easily than the “native” ones. These effects, however, are restricted to people born after 1980, the so-called millenials. We propose potential explanations for this mismatch between corpus results and experimental data and argue, among other things, for a reinterpretation of previous corpus studies.
This paper examines multi-unit turns that allow speakers to retrospectively close the prior sequence while prospectively launching a new sequence, which Schegloff (1986) referred to as interlocking organization. Using English telephone conversations as data, we focus on how multi-unit turns are used for topic shifts, and show that interlocking organization operates in conjunction with other phonetic and lexical features, such as increased pitch and overt markers of disjunction (e.g., “listen”). In addition, speakers utilize an audible inbreath that is placed between the first and the second units as a central interactional resource to project further talk, thereby suppressing speaker transition and possibly highlighting the action delivered in the second unit as being distinctly new. We propose that interlocking multi-unit turns, when used to make topically disjunctive moves, promote progressivity by avoiding a possible lapse in turn transition
This paper introduces the Nottinghamer Korpus deutscher YouTube-Sprache (‘The Nottingham German YouTube Language Corpus’ - or NottDeuYTSch corpus). The corpus comprises over 33 million words, taken from roughly 3 million YouTube comments published between 2008 and 2018, written by a young, German-speaking demographic. The NottDeuYTSch corpus provides an authentic and representative linguistic snapshot of young German speakers and offers significant opportunities for in-depth research in several linguistic fields, such as lexis, morphology, syntax, orthography, multilingualism, and conversational and discursive analysis.
Our current era of globalization is characterized above all by increased mobility, namely by the increasing mobility of people and the development of new communication technologies, including the mobility of linguistic signs and resources. This process raises new theoretical and methodological questions in linguistics, which results in the development of a new sociolinguistics of globalization (Blommaert 2010) in recent years. One of the most obvious ways to trace this new and dynamic development is to analyze individual language repertoires, especially those of migrants. In this essay, I examine aspects of the communicative repertoire of a refugee who fled to Germany in 2015 to escape the civil war in Syria. I draw on two interviews I conducted with him (in the following I refer to him by the pseudonym „Baran“). The first interview with Baran was recorded in 2016, a few months after his arrival in Germany. The second interview is from 2023, seven years later. In both recordings, German was the dominant language of interaction. I will analyze and show the characteristics of his German at the beginning of his immigration, how he resorts to practices of language mixing between German, Turkish and English (which has recently also been referred to as translanguaging) and how his German has developed over the course of the past seven years.
The CLARIN infrastructure as an interoperable language technology platform for SSH and beyond
(2023)
CLARIN is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium developing and providing a federated and interoperable platform to support scientists in the field of the Social Sciences and Humanities in carrying-out language-related research. This contribution provides an overview of the entire infrastructure with a particular focus on tool interoperability, ease of access to research data, tools and services, the importance of sharing knowledge within and across (national) communities, and community building. By taking into account FAIR principles from the very beginning, CLARIN succeeded in becoming a successful example of a research infrastructure that is actively used by its members. The benefits CLARIN members reap from their infrastructure secure a future for their common good that is both sustainable and attractive to partners beyond the original target groups.