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In developing an interdisciplinary approach integrating Conversation Analysis (“CA”), audiology and User Centered Design, the applied goal of this international collaboration is to analyze real-world social interaction from the perspective of the participants in order to build an empirical basis for innovation in the field of communication with hearing impairment and hearing aid use. In reviewing theory, methodology and analysis of eight cases analyzed in this volume, the editors assess the potential of application for the various stakeholders in communication with hearing loss and hearing aids, including the estimated impact factor. The chapter closes with a consideration of desiderata for future research.
Globally, hearing loss is the second most frequent disability. About 80% of the persons affected by hearing loss do not use hearing aids. The goal of this edited volume is to present a theoretically founded, interdisciplinary approach geared at understanding and improving social interaction impacted by hearing loss and (non-)use of hearing technologies. The researchers report on pilot studies from Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Switzerland and the USA. Using Conversation Analysis, the studies identify problems and serve as points of departure for possible solutions. Researchers and practitioners from the different disciplines (medicine, audiology, hearing rehabilitation, User Centered Design, Conversation Analysis, change business) as well as users of hearing technologies comment on this approach.
Introduction
(2012)
Hearing loss is a prevalent communication disability, yet to date there is almost no research on naturally occurring interaction which examines how participants handle hearing loss and the use of hearing aids in communication. In contrast, research focussing on the medical and technological dimensions has advanced tremendously. Still, the social reaction to hearing loss is frequently stress, withdrawal and isolation. Despite the enormous technological development, most people who could benefit from a hearing aid do not use it. The goal of this edited volume is to present a theoretically founded, interdisciplinary research approach geared at understanding and improving social interaction impacted by hearing loss and (non-)use of hearing technologies. Towards this end, we are integrating Conversation Analysis, audiology and User Centered Design.
In this brief presentation of Conversation Analysis (“CA”), we take up some of the communication problems associated with hearing loss and link them to conversation analytic concepts. We explain how attempts to control the conversation, embarrassment and miscommunication can be analyzed as interactional achievements in the areas of turn-taking, repair and nonverbal actions. The chapter also explains which kinds of data are used in CA, how the participants’ perspective is analyzed and some of the theoretical assumptions underlying the analysis. Examples of transcribed interactional sequences with hearing loss illustrate how turn-taking, eye gaze and trouble in hearing/understanding (“repair”) are sensitive to this communication disorder.
This paper deals with a case study of a first visit of a person with hearing loss to her family doctor. In the first part of the paper, basic properties of doctor-patient interaction, which are also relevant for treatment of hearing loss, are outlined: the relevance of institutional conditions for interaction, asymmetries between the participants, goal-orientation, specific conditions of trust, and the relevance of the specific genre of doctor-patient interaction. The second part of the paper presents a case study, which focuses on three interactional phenomena: a) the negotiation of the hearing loss as an existential threat to the patient and her identity; b) the discrepancy of illness theories between doctor and patient; c) the collaborative work of negotiating an intersubjectively viable description of the experience of hearing loss.