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The paper provides a survey about grammatical variation in German and discusses the consequences for grammar books: How can they describe systematic differences between several varieties as well as the core system of German as an individual language? Proceeding from the differentiation between extra- and intralinguistic explanations for grammatical variation and from theoretic considerations on the notion of 'system' the paper discusses different possibilities of modeling the relationship between system and variation. It argues for a modular concept with a core system that provides the option of internal variation and modular systems that contain grammatical phenomena which are specific for certain varieties.
The paper attempts to bridge the gap between semantics and the conceptualization and teaching of grammar at secondary school exemplarily concerning German demonstratives dies- and jen-. I show that existing accounts of these demonstratives in reference grammars and school books are far from being satisfactory, whilst at least for dies-, if not for jen-, there exist comprehensive linguistic analyses. I adapt these to offer a semantic analysis for jen- using corpus data from modern German with pronominal and adnominal jen-, and propose a didactically applicable category of 'shared mental space' of the speaker and the hearer for the demonstratives: I argue that speakers use demonstrative reference to anchor the referent inside resp. outside their and the hearers' shared mental space.
MULLE is a tool for language learning that focuses on teaching Latin as a foreign language. It is aimed for easy integration into the traditional classroom setting and syllabus, which makes it distinct from other language learning tools that provide standalone learning experience. It uses grammar-based lessons and embraces methods of gamification to improve the learner motivation. The main type of exercise provided by our application is to practice translation, but it is also possible to shift the focus to vocabulary or morphology training.
We present a language learning application that relies on grammars to model the learning outcome. Based on this concept we can provide a powerful framework for language learning exercises with an intuitive user interface and a high reliability. Currently the application aims to augment existing language classes and support students by improving the learner attitude and the general learning outcome. Extensions beyond that scope are promising and likely to be added in the future.
This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter 2003; Couper-Kuhlen & Ono 2007), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the necessity of analysing syntactic phenomena within their specific action contexts.
Verbalkomplex
(2018)
Valenz und Dependenz. Theorie und Praxis. Festschrift für Professor Ulrich Engel zum 90. Geburtstag
(2018)
Aus der etwas apophtegmatischen Formulierung des Titels lässt sich die Behauptung ableiten, eine Grammatik der politischen Sprache gebe es nicht. Das kann nun dreierlei heißen: Zum ersten könnte gemeint sein, es gebe keine politische Sprache - womit sich die Frage nach ihrer Grammatik a fortiori erübrigt. Weniger voraussetzungsreich und daher unmittelbar plausibler erscheint ein Verständnis, nach der es zwar eine politische Sprache gebe, diese aber keine eigene Grammatik habe. Vielleicht ist auch die dritte Lesart nur eine spezifischere Interpretation dieser zweiten Lesart: Es sei gar nicht so wichtig, was der Terminus „politische Sprache“ genau bedeute und was ihm in einer wahrscheinlichen Wirklichkeit entspreche. Auf jeden Fall sei sprachliches Interagieren im politischen Raum ein Spezialfall öffentlichen Agierens (unter spezifischen gesellschaftlichen/politischen Konstellationen) insgesamt und zeige daher entsprechende grammatische Präferenzen. Wir wollen in diesem Beitrag Argumente für diese letzte Position versammeln.
In der Datenbank zum Datensatz attributive_Adjektive_1.csv finden sich 1.598 Belege zu artikellosen Nominalphrasen mit je zwei attributiven Adjektiven im Dativ Singular Maskulinum oder Neutrum.
Die Datenbank attributive Adjektive enthält zu jedem Beleg neben dem Satzkontext eine Reihe von Annotationen. Dazu gehören Metadaten wie Register und regionale Zuordnung sowie Annotationen zur Phonologie, Morphosyntax, Semantik und Frequenz. Anhand dieser Annotationen lassen sich Hypothesen zur Adjektivflexion und -reihenfolge überprüfen. Nach einer Auswahl aus diesen Annotationen können Sie hier suchen. Alternativ können Sie unter „Download“ das gesamte Suchergebnis mit allen Annotationen und inklusive aller Belege, die bei der Untersuchung von Adjektivflexion und -reihenfolge als Fehlbelege eingestuft worden sind, herunterladen.
In der Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft hat das Lexikon in unterschiedlichem Maße Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. In jüngerer Zeit ist es vor allem durch die Verfügbarkeit sprachlicher Massendaten und die Entwicklung von Methoden zu ihrer Analyse wieder stärker ins Zentrum des Interesses gerückt. Dies hat aber nicht nur unseren Blick für lexikalische Phänomene geschärft, sondern hat gegenwärtig auch einen profunden Einfluss auf die Entstehung neuer Sprachtheorien, beginnend bei Fragen nach der Natur lexikalischen Wissens bis hin zur Auflösung der Lexikon-Grammatik-Dichotomie. Das Institut für Deutsche Sprache hat diese Entwicklungen zum Anlass genommen, sein aktuelles Jahrbuch in Anknüpfung an die Jahrestagung 2017 – „Wortschätze: Dynamik, Muster, Komplexität“ – der Theorie des Lexikons und den Methoden seiner Erforschung zu widmen.
The paper describes preliminary studies regarding the usage of Example-Based Querying for specialist corpora. We outline an infrastructure for its application within the linguistic domain. Example-Based Querying deals with retrieval situations where users would like to explore large collections of specialist texts semantically, but are unable to explicitly name the linguistic phenomenon they look for. As a way out, the proposed framework allows them to input prototypical everyday language examples or cases of doubt, which are automatically processed by CRF and linked to appropriate linguistic texts in the corpus.
Complement phrases are essential for constructing well-formed sentences in German. Identifying verb complements and categorizing complement classes is challenging even for linguists who are specialized in the field of verb valency. Against this background, we introduce an ML-based algorithm which is able to identify and classify complement phrases of any German verb in any written sentence context. We use a large training set consisting of example sentences from a valency dictionary, enriched with POS tagging, and the ML-based technique of Conditional Random Fields (CRF) to generate the classification models.
In recent years, the availability of large annotated and searchable corpora, together with a new interest in the empirical foundation and validation of linguistic theory and description, has sparked a surge of novel and interesting work using corpus-based methods to study the grammar of natural languages. However, a look at relevant current research on the grammar of the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages reveals a variety of different theoretical approaches and empirical foci, which can be traced back to different philological and linguistic traditions. Still, this current state of affairs should not be seen as an obstacle but as an ideal basis for a fruitful exchange of ideas between different research paradigms.
In this paper, we present our approach to automatically extracting German terminology in the domain of grammar using texts from the online information system grammis as our corpus. We analyze existing repositories of German grammatical terminology and develop Part-of-speech patterns for our extraction thereby showing the importance of unigrams in this domain. We contrast the results of the automatic extraction with a manually extracted standard. By comparing the performance of well-known statistical measures, we show how measures based on corpus comparison outperform alternative methods.
Notions such as “corpus-driven” versus “theory-driven” bring into focus the specific role of corpora in linguistic research. As for phonology with its intrinsic focus on abstract categorical representation, there is a question of how a strictly corpus-driven approach can yield insight into relevant structures. Here we argue for a more theory-driven approach to phonology based on the concept of a phonological grammar in terms of interacting constraints. Empirical validation of such grammars comes from the potential convergence of the evidence from various sources including typological data, neutralization patterns, and in particular patterns observed in the creative use of language such as acronym formation, loanword adaptation, poetry, and speech errors. Further empirical validation concerns specific predictions regarding phonetic differences among opposition members, paradigm uniformity effects, and phonetic implementation in given segmental and prosodic contexts. Corpora in the narrowest sense (i.e. “raw” data consisting of spontaneous speech produced in natural settings) are useful for testing these predictions, but even here, special purpose-built corpora are often necessary.
Grammar and corpora 2016
(2018)
In recent years, the availability of large annotated and searchable corpora, together with a new interest in the empirical foundation and validation of linguistic theory and description, has sparked a surge of novel and interesting work using corpus-based methods to study the grammar of natural languages. However, a look at relevant current research on the grammar of the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages reveals a variety of different theoretical approaches and empirical foci, which can be traced back to different philological and linguistic traditions. Still, this current state of affairs should not be seen as an obstacle but as an ideal basis for a fruitful exchange of ideas between different research paradigms.
Im Rahmen einer zur Zeit stattfindenden Umgestaltung der Inhalte und der Benutzeroberfläche des Online-Portals grammis hat sich eine Projektgruppe konstituiert, die es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht hat, das am IDS vorhandene Terminologiesystem zur Grammatik des Deutschen zu überarbeiten und zu erweitern: Dies betrifft zum einen die Überarbeitung und Erweiterung des Terminologieinventars, aber auch die zugrundeliegende methodische Grundlage und technische Infrastruktur. Zum Verständnis dieses Vorhabens sollen zunächst die vorhandenen Vorarbeiten und Grundlagen vorgestellt werden.