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Die Erforschung von Sprache im öffentlichen Raum (Linguistic Landscapes, LL) hat sich in den vergangen 20 Jahren als Teilgebiet der Soziolinguistik, der Semiotik und anderer Disziplinen fest etabliert. Der vorliegende Band gibt einen Überblick zu zentralen Ansätzen der LL-Forschung mit einem Bezug zur deutschen Sprache. Die Beiträge stellen aktuelle Studien aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum, zu Deutsch als Minderheitensprache sowie aus Ländern mit einer ausgeprägten DaF-Tradition vor. Sie thematisieren sprachstrukturelle und soziolinguistische ebenso wie didaktische, methodische und technologische Aspekte. Damit trägt der Band zu einer Systematisierung der deutschsprachigen LL-Forschung bei, gibt Impulse für internationale Diskussionen und benennt wichtige Desiderata.
This paper will address the challenge of creating a knowledge graph from a corpus of historical encyclopedias with a special focus on word sense alignment (WSA) and disambiguation (WSD). More precisely, we examine WSA and WSD approaches based on article similarity to link messy historical data, utilizing Wikipedia as aground-truth component – as the lack of a critical overlap in content paired with the amount of variation between and within the encyclopedias does not allow for choosing a ”baseline” encyclopedia to align the others to. Additionally, we are comparing the disambiguation performance of conservative methods like the Lesk algorithm to more recent approaches, i.e. using language models to disambiguate senses.
Korpora und Fremdsprachendidaktik haben – auch jenseits des angeleiteten oder selbstgesteuerten Arbeitens an den Daten – Berührungspunkte mit langer Tradition, durchaus mit nicht-digitalen Ausläufern, deren korpuslinguistische Dimensionen erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten erschlossen wurden. Worthäufigkeitszählungen, auch vergleichend, in beliebig großen oder auf bestimmte Bedürfnisse zugeschnittenen Datensammlungen lassen sich mit weiteren Metriken verknüpfen, die eine differenzierte Bewertung für die didaktische Relevanz ermöglichen. Kollokations-/Kookkurrenzanalysen helfen, typische Formulierungsmuster zu ermitteln. Dieser Beitrag stellt zunächst diese beiden Herangehensweisen dar. Das Manko der getrennten Betrachtung ist, dass keine der beiden isoliert ausreicht, um die Angemessenheit von Formulierungen zu bewerten hinsichtlich muttersprachlicher Natürlichkeit und Weiterentwicklung des Lernstands. Als Abhilfe wird eine Verknüpfung skizziert, die beide Perspektiven zusammenbringt.
In this paper, we present an overview of freely available web applications providing online access to spoken language corpora. We explore and discuss various solutions with which the corpus providers and corpus platform developers address the needs of researchers who are working with spoken language. The paper aims to contribute to the long-overdue exchange and discussion of methods and best practices in the design of online access to spoken language corpora.
Schegloff (1996) has argued that grammars are “positionally-sensitive”, implying that the situated use and understanding of linguistic formats depends on their sequential position. Analyzing the German format Kannst du X? (corresponding to English Can you X?) based on 82 instances from a large corpus of talk-in-interaction (FOLK), this paper shows how different action-ascriptions to turns using the same format depend on various orders of context. We show that not only sequential position, but also epistemic status, interactional histories, multimodal conduct, and linguistic devices co-occurring in the same turn are decisive for the action implemented by the format. The range of actions performed with Kannst du X? and their close interpretive interrelationship suggest that they should not be viewed as a fixed inventory of context-dependent interpretations of the format. Rather, the format provides for a root-interpretation that can be adapted to local contextual contingencies, yielding situated action-ascriptions that depend on constraints created by contexts of use.
This paper describes the TEI-based ISO standard 2462:2016 “Transcription of spoken language” and other formats used within CLARIN for spoken language resources. It assesses the current state of support for the standard and the interoperability between these formats and with relevant tools and services. The main idea behind the paper is that a digital infrastructure providing language resources and services to researchers should also allow the combined use of resources and/or services from different contexts. This requires syntactic and semantic interoperability. We propose a solution based on the ISO/TEI format and describe the necessary steps for this format to work as an exchange format with basic semantic interoperability for spoken language resources across the CLARIN infrastructure and beyond.
This paper investigates the use of linking adverbs in adversative constructions in German and Italian. In Italian those constructions are very frequently formulated with adverbs such as invece, while wordings without a lexical connective are more typical of German. Corpus data show that the syntactic und semantic conditions favouring the use of adversative adverbs are by and large the same in both languages. Lexical connectives can increase explicitness when the intended adversative interpretation is not obvious on other grounds. The higher frequency of adversative adverbs in Italian is shown to be a consequence of the more restrictive rules of the placement of prosodic accent.
While there is a large amount of research in the field of Lexical Semantic Change Detection, only few approaches go beyond a standard benchmark evaluation of existing models. In this paper, we propose a shift of focus from change detection to change discovery, i.e., discovering novel word senses over time from the full corpus vocabulary. By heavily fine-tuning a type-based and a token-based approach on recently published German data, we demonstrate that both models can successfully be applied to discover new words undergoing meaning change. Furthermore, we provide an almost fully automated framework for both evaluation and discovery.
Im E-Wörterbuch „Paronyme – Dynamisch im Kontrast“ werden erstmals leicht verwechselbare Ausdrücke, sogenannte Paronyme (z.B. autoritär / autoritativ, speziell / spezial), in kontrastiven und dynamischen Einträgen beschrieben. Auf zwei Beschreibungsebenen verzahnt es lexikalische Angaben mit enzyklopädischen bzw. konzeptuell-orientierten Details. Korpusanalytische Auseinandersetzungen zeigen, wie stark der Gebrauch einiger Paronyme von den Beschreibungen in traditionellen Lehr- und Nachschlagewerken abweicht. Aber Korpusdaten deuten ebenso auf sprachliche Varianz und Wandel hin, die in speziellen Rubriken festgehalten werden. Neben der Vorstellung des Wörterbuches steht die Frage im Vordergrund, wie die Informationen systematisch aus den Daten gewonnen, analysiert und redaktionell ausgewertet werden, um als Bedeutungs-, Kollokations-, Konstruktions-, Referenz- und Domänenangaben jedes Stichwort so genau wie möglich beschreiben zu können.
The German e-dictionary documenting confusables Paronyme – Dynamisch im Kontrast contains lexemes which are similar in sound, spelling and/or meaning, e.g. autoritär/autoritativ, innovativ/innovatorisch. These can cause uncertainty as to their appropriate use. The monolingual guide could be easily expanded to become a multilingual platform for commonly confused items by incorporating language modules. The value of this visionary resource is manifold. Firstly, e-dictionaries of confusables have not yet been compiled for most European languages; consequently, the German resource could serve as a model of practice. Secondly, it would be able to explain the usage of false friends. Thirdly, cognates and loan word equivalents would be offered for simultaneous consultation. Fourthly, users could find out whether, for example, a German pair is semantically equivalent to a pair in another language. Finally, it would inform users about cases where a pair of semantically similar words in one language has only one lexical counterpart in another language. This paper is an appeal for visionary projects and collaborative enterprises. I will outline the dictionary’s layout and contents as shown by its contrastive entries. I will demonstrate potential additions, which would make it possible to build up a large platform for easily misused words in different languages.