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In recent decades, the investigation of spoken language has become increasingly important in linguistic research. However, the spoken word is a fleeting phenomenon which is difficult to analyse and which requires an elaborate process of examination and appraisal. The Institute for the German Language (Institut für Deutsche Sprache) has the largest collection of recordings of spoken German, the German Speech Archive (Deutsches Spracharchiv [DSAv]). Up to now, the inadequate processing and accessibility of the valuable material held by the DSAv has been regarded as its major shortcoming. A solution to this problem is at hand now that a start has been made with the systematic modernization of the DSAv and, in particular, with the digitalization of its material. In recent years, we have been able to systematically exploit the unique opportunities provided by a new and easier form of access to the spoken language via the recorded sound signal, which can be realized digitally in the computer, and its linkage to the corresponding texts and documentary data. Through the integration of the existing data about the corpora and of the written versions of the texts into an information and full text database and through the linking of these data with the acoustic signal itself, it is now possible for us to construct a data pool which allows a better documentation of the material and provides rapid internal and external access to the sound recordings. Processed in such a way, the material of the German Speech Archive can now be regarded as having been saved for posterity. As a result, entirely new areas of inquiry and entirely new research perspectives have been opened up. This is true both for the work of the Institute itself and for linguistic research in German as a whole.
Online Access Tools for Spoken German: The Resources of the Deutsches Spracharchiv in a Database
(2002)
This paper shows some details of the modernization of the Deutsches Spracharchiv (DSAv). It explores some future possibilities of linguistical documentation and analysis using the Web. The Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim is the central institution for linguistic research in Germany. The DSAv in the IDS is the center for documentation and research of spoken German. These archives include the largest collection of sound recordings of spoken German (dialects and colloquial speech, including e.g. lots of extinct dialects of former German territories in Eastern Europe) - altogether more than 15,000 sound recordings. The lacking clarification and accessibility of this data material has been felt as an essential deficit. The opportunity to edit the sound signal digitally offers a much easier access to spoken language. Through the integration of the already existing information about the corpora and the transcribed texts in an information- and full text databank, as well as the linking of the data with the acoustic signal (alignment), arises a data-pool with considerably better documentation of the materials and a fast direct grasp of the recorded sounds. Thus, the DSAv initiates totally new research questions for the work at the IDS, as well as for linguistics altogether.
Die linguistisch-gesprächsanalytischen bzw. soziologisch-ethnographischen Beiträge dieses Sammelbandes beschreiben den Zusammenhang zwischen dem kommunikativen Stil von sozialen Welten und sozialen Prozessen der Integration bzw. der Ab- und Ausgrenzung. Stil wird dabei verstanden als Ausdruck sozialer und kultureller Identität; Stilformen sind Mittel zum Ausdruck von sozialer Präsenz auf wichtigen Schauplätzen der politischen bzw. kulturell-politischen Auseinandersetzung.
Die Beiträge des Bandes präsentieren – neben einigen einführenden und theoretischen Beiträgen – Stilanalysen aus sehr unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Gesellschaft. Dabei fokussieren sie einzelne stilkonstitutive Aspekte, wie die für bestimmte soziale Gruppen spezifischen Regeln des Sprechens oder charakteristischen Formen und Verfahren der Selbst- und Fremdtypisierung bzw. Kategorisierung. Die Beiträger(innen) sind Werner Kallmeyer in langjähriger Zusammenarbeit verbunden.
Einleitung
(2002)
Der Einsatz des Computers zur Transkription natürlicher Gespräche ist in der Praxis zwar weit verbreitet, die schnelle Weiterentwicklung der Computertechnologie hat aber dazu geführt, dass verschiedene Systeme oft scheinbar zusammenhangslos nebeneinander stehen, ohne dass ihre Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede Gegenstand einer umfassenden theoretischen Betrachtung wären. Der vorliegende Aufsatz will einen Beitrag zu einer solchen theoretischen Betrachtung der Gesprächstranskription auf dem Computer liefern, indem er einerseits einige grundlegende Überlegungen zu diesem Thema anstellt, andererseits einige allgemeine Aspekte der Konzeption und Umsetzung des Systems EXMARaLDA, das am SFB "Mehrsprachigkeit" an der Universität Harnburg entwickelt wird, beschreibt.
EXMARaLDA is a system for computer transcription of spoken discourse that is being developed at the SFB ‚Mehrsprachigkeit’ as a basis of a multilingual discourse database into which the transcriptions in use at the SFB will be integrated at a later point in time. The present paper describes the theoretical background of the development – a formal model of discourse transcription based on the annotation graph formalism (Bird/Liberman (2001)) – and its practical realisation in the form of an XML-based data format and several tools for input, output and manipulation of the data.