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Mit den Methoden der Interaktionalen Linguistik und der Konversationsanalyse untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit syntaktische Ko-Konstruktionen im gesprochenen Deutsch, wobei der Fokus auf Vervollständigungen eines zweiten Sprechers vor einem möglichen syntaktischen Abschlusspunkt liegt. Auf der Basis von 199 Ko-Konstruktionen aus informellen Interviews und Tischgesprächen leistet die Arbeit eine erste umfassende Analyse der gemeinsamen Konstruktion einer syntaktischen Gestalt durch zwei Sprecher im Deutschen.
Die Struktur der Ko-Konstruktionen wird in einem ersten Schritt über die Basisoperationen der Online-Syntax, Projektion und Retraktion, beschrieben. Im Fokus steht hier die Frage, an welchen Projektionen sich der zweite Sprecher orientiert, wobei sowohl syntaktische und prosodische als auch semanto-pragmatische Aspekte in die Analyse miteinbezogen werden. In einem zweiten Schritt wird die zeitliche und sequenzielle Organisation der Ko-Konstruktionen detailliert herausgearbeitet. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt hier auf einer genauen Darstellung und Analyse der verschiedenen Handlungsoptionen des ersten Sprechers nach der ko-konstruierten Vervollständigung.
Cet article se penche sur un épisode radiophonique durant lequel deux animateurs effectuent un coming out hétérosexuel à l’occasion de la journée internationale du coming out (11 octobre). Dans une perspective issue de l’analyse conversationnelle d’inspiration ethnométhodologique, il étudie une collection d’occurrences de coming out, permettant non seulement d’identifier un format séquentiel récurrent et la manière dont il contribue à l’efficacité de la pratique, mais aussi de réfléchir à la façon dont il peut être utilisé dans différents contextes sociaux, notamment médiatisés et médiatiques. En particulier, l’article montre comment la pratique est au service d’une émission radiophonique sur le coming out et prépare la transition vers le traitement de l’homosexualité à la radio. Grâce à un enregistrement vidéo du travail des animateurs dans le studio de radio, l’article décrit la façon dont le thème de la journée internationale du coming out est fabriqué et orchestré dans les coulisses de la radio et sur les ondes. Ce faisant, il montre la contribution d’une analyse conversationnelle à l’approche du coming out dans les études de genre – où la pratique est largement discutée mais sans être analysée sur la base d’occurrences documentées. L’article revient ainsi sur l’épistémologie du closet chère à Eve Sedgwick, en proposant une anatomie du coming out en contexte médiatisé, qui en éclaire les enjeux non seulement épistémiques mais aussi de normativisation, publicisation et spectacularisation.
Prosodic constructions used to compete for the speaking turn in conversation have been widely studied (French & Local (1983), Kurtić et al. (2013)). Usually, turn competition arises in overlapping talk between at least two speakers. Coordination between participants in their prosodic design of talk (Szczepek-Reed, 2006) and social action (Gorisch et al. 2012), as well as entrainment in more general terms (Levitan et al. 2011), is well established in the literature. Nevertheless, previous studies on turn competition and overlap do not investigate the prosodic design of turn competitive incomings in reference to the orientation of the speakers to each other. Rather, they assume that prosodic constructions are used for turn competition regardless of the co-participants’ design of the turn. In this paper, we ask whether the prosodic design of turn competitive talk is co-constructed between two participants talking in overlap. More specifically, we investigate whether the prosodic design of one participant’s in overlap talk is developed with respect to the interlocutor’s prosodic features during the same portion of overlapped talk, and whether this prosodic matching can discriminate between the overlaps that are competitive and those that are not. 183 Our analyses are based on two-speaker overlaps drawn from a corpus of multi-party face-to face conversation between four friends recorded in British English (Kurtic et al. 2012). 3407 instances of twospeaker overlaps have been extracted from 4 hours of talk. Two independent conversation analysts performed the interactional categorisation of overlaps into competitive and non-competitive for all these two-speaker overlap instances and achieved a good agreement of alpha=0.807 (Krippendorff 2004) as measured on a subset of 808 overlaps selected for our initial analysis. For the analysis of prosodic features we focus on F0 related features: mean, slope, span and contour, all of which have previously been shown to be used by each overlapping speaker separately for turn competition (Kurtic et al. 2009; Oertel et al. 2012). We investigate the similarity in F0 mean, slope and span by correlating these features across the two participants. For F0 contour, a similarity coefficient is computed using dynamic programming method described in Gorisch et al. (2012). We consider the difference in F0 contour similarity in competitive and non-competitive overlaps as an indication of intonational matching being a turn competitive resource. We conduct these analyses for overlaps that are clearly competitive or noncompetitive as indicated by inter-annotator agreement. In addition, we qualitatively explore those cases that annotators disagree on in order to investigate whether they reveal further important interactional or prosodic features of in-overlap talk. Our preliminary results suggest that conversational participants attend and adapt to the interlocutor during overlap depending on whether they return competition or not. We explain our findings in relation to previous work on turn competition in overlap, discuss the quantitative method employed and also address the possible consequences of our results for the study of prosodic realization of other social actions in conversation.
Feedback utterances are among the most frequent in dialogue. Feedback is also a crucial aspect of linguistic theories that take social interaction, involving language, into account. This paper introduces the corpora and datasets of a project scrutinizing this kind of feedback utterances in French. We present the genesis of the corpora (for a total of about 16 hours of transcribed and phone force-aligned speech) involved in the project. We introduce the resulting datasets and discuss how they are being used in on-going work with focus on the form-function relationship of conversational feedback. All the corpora created and the datasets produced in the framework of this project will be made available for research purposes.
The article analyses data from a corpus of email-correspondence and chat protocols that describe the initial steps of romantic contacts. It shows that different types of silences are used strategically in the process of people getting to know each other. Five silence strategies within conversations are described and their functions are illustrated by typical examples.
Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit einer speziellen Praktik, mit der Dolmetscher anstelle einer wortgetreuen Übertragung als interaktionsstrukturierende Agenten im Dienste einer besseren Verständigung der primären Gesprächsteilnehmer aktiv werden. Untersucht wird, wie Dolmetscher Schlüsselwörter kreieren, die komplexe Sachverhalte effizient bündeln und auf einen Begriff bringen.