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"What makes this so complicated?" On the value of disorienting dilemmas in language instruction
(2017)
Fast 20 Jahre sind vergangen, seit ich für meine Dissertation Untersuchungen über Ein- und Verkaufsgespräche von Deutschen und Japanern in Deutschland und Japan durchführte. Dort wurden konkrete verbale und nonverbale Handlungen zwischen deutschen bzw. japanischen Verkäufern und deutschen bzw. japanischen Kunden beim Ein- und Verkaufen untersucht. Untersuchungsorte waren dabei Düsseldorf, wo die meisten Japaner in Deutschland ansässig sind, Tokio, wo die meisten Deutschen in Japan ansässig sind, Heidelberg, das von vielen japanischen Touristen besucht wird, und Nagano, wo deutsche Touristen damals bei der Olympiade waren. Anlässlich dieser Festschrift für meinen Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Gerhard Stickel versuchte ich, eine kleine Untersuchung durchzuführen, um sprachliche Veränderungen im Verlauf der Zeit und der sozialen Veränderung zu beobachten. In dieser Abhandlung werden die Veränderung der Gesellschaft und ihr Einfluss auf die Sprache behandelt. Im folgenden zweiten Abschnitt werden soziale Veränderungen in Düsseldorf thematisiert, im dritten Abschnitt werden die Ergebnisse der zwei Befragungen analysiert und zum Schluss wird eine Möglichkeit der Sprachverbreitung im Zusammenhang mit der heutigen Gesellschaft dargestellt.
In the management of cooperation, the fit of a requested action with what the addressee is presently doing is a pervasively relevant consideration. We present evidence that imperative turns are adapted to, and reflexively create, contexts in which the other person is committed to the course of action advanced by the imperative. This evidence comes from systematic variation in the design of imperative turns, relative to the fittedness of the imperatively mandated action to the addressee’s ongoing trajectory of actions, what we call the “dine of commitment”. We present four points on this dine: Responsive imperatives perform an operation on the deontic dimension of what the addressee has announced or already begun to do (in particular its permissibility); local-project imperatives formulate a new action advancing a course of action in which the addressee is already actively engaged; global-project-imperatives target a next task for which the addressee is available on the grounds of their participation in the overall event, and in the absence of any competing work; and competitive imperatives draw on a presently otherwise engaged addressee on the grounds of their social commitment to the relevant course of actions. These four turn shapes are increasingly complex, reflecting the interactional work required to bridge the increasing distance between what the addressee is currently doing, and what the imperative mandates. We present data from German and Polish informal and institutional settings.
In German there are about twenty-five elements (like gemäß, nahe, voll) that seem to be used as a preposition along with their use as an adjective. In former approaches the preposition is interpreted as the product of grammaticalizing (and/or reanalyzing) the adjective. It is argued that the two criteria these approaches rely on, namely change of linear position and change of case government, are insufficient. In this paper, seven criteria for distinguishing adjectives form prepositions in German are put forward. What is most important is that these criteria have to be evaluated on the token level as well as on the level of type and word class/syntactic category. It can be shown that the individual ‘adjective-prepositions' as types possess a specific mixture of adjective-like and preposition-like features. On the token level, occurring as part of a postnominal restrictive attribute is indicative for preposition-like status in German. The comparison of German with English and Italian adjective-prepositions (like near, far, due and vicino, lontano) reveals a lot of differences, which counts as evidence for the language-specific nature of word classes. Nevertheless, Lehmanns functional-typological approach uncovers a fundamental functional similarity between complement governing adjectives and prepositions: the primary function of the phrases, i.e., adjective/preposition + complement, is to modify a nominal or a verbal concept, respectively. This insight explains why adjective-prepositions can be found cross-linguistically. The question whether we should propose one type or two types for gemäß and its cognates is of minor importance only.
Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Frage, wie sich die Angebote im Bereich von Social Media heute darstellen und wie sie sich in den nächsten Jahren voraussichtlich entwickeln werden. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Entwicklung der technischen Infrastruktur und deren Einfluss auf die verschiedenen Aspekte wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation. Einen Schwerpunkt bilden dabei einerseits die Auswirkungen der Automatisierung, im Bereich der Wissenschaftskommunikation die Entwicklung von spezifischen Scores und Altmetriken, andererseits die Etablierung neuartiger Vermittlungskanäle für wissenschaftliche Themen.
As a consequence of a recent curation project, the Dortmund Chat Corpus is available in CLARIN-D research infrastructures for download and querying. In a legal expertise it had been recommended that standard measures of anonymisation be applied to the corpus before its republication. This paper reports about the anonymisation campaign that was conducted for the corpus. Anonymisation has been realised as categorisation, and the taxonomy of anonymisation categories applied is introduced and the method of applying it to the TEI files is demonstrated. The results of the anonymisation campaign as well as issues of quality assessment are discussed. Finally, pseudonymisation as an alternative to categorisation as a method of the anonymisation of CMC data is discussed, as well as possibilities of an automatisation of the process.