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This paper reports on an ongoing international project of compiling a freely accessible online Dictionary of German Loans in Polish Dialects. The dictionary will be the first comprehensive lexicographic compendium of its kind, serving as a complement to existing resources on German lexical loans in the literary or standard language. The empirical results obtained in the project will shed new light on the distribution of German loanwords among different dialects, also in comparison to the well-documented situation in written Polish. The dictionary will have a strong focus on the dialectal distribution of Polish dialectal variants for a given German etymon, accessible through interactive cartographic representations and corresponding search options. The editorial process is realized with dedicated collaborative web tools. The new resource will be published as an integrated part of an online information system for German lexical borrowings in other languages, the Lehnwortportal Deutsch, and is therefore highly cross-linked with other loanword dictionaries on Polish as well as Slavic and further European languages.
The web portal Lehnwortportal Deutsch <lwp.ids-mannheim.de>, developed at the Institute for the German Language (IDS), aims to provide unified access to a growing number of lexicographical resources on German loanwords in other languages. This paper discusses different possibilities of creating an onomasiological access structure for portal users. We critically examine the meaning list of the “World Loanword Database” project (Haspelmath/Tadmor 2009a) as well as WordNet-based taxonomies and propose a new way of inductively creating a semantic classification scheme that takes both hyperonymic relations and semantic fields into account. We show how such a classification can be integrated into the underlying graph-based data representation of the Lehnwortportal and thus be exploited for advanced onomasiological search options.
Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen neuartigen Typ von mehrsprachiger elektronischer Ressource vor, bei dem verschiedene Lehnwörterbücher zu einem "umgekehrten Lehnwörterbuch" für eine bestimmte Gebersprache zusammengefasst werden. Ein solches Wörterbuch erlaubt es, die zu einem Etymon der Gebersprache gehörigen Lehnwörter in verschiedenen Nehmersprachen zu finden. Die Entwicklung einer solchen Webanwendung, insbesondere der zugrundeliegenden Datenbasis, ist mit zahlreichen konzeptionellen Problemen verbunden, die an der Schnittstelle zwischen lexikographischen und informatischen Themen liegen. Der Beitrag stellt diese Probleme vor dem Hintergrund wünschenswerter Funktionalitäten eines entsprechenden Internetportals dar und diskutiert einen möglichen Lösungsansatz: Die Artikel der Einzelwörterbücher werden als XML-Dokumente vorgehalten und dienen als Grundlage für die gewöhnliche Online-Ansicht dieser Wörterbücher; insbesondere für portalweite Abfragen werden aber grundlegende, standardisierte Informationen zu Lemmata und Etyma aller Portalwörterbücher samt deren Varianten und Wortbildungsprodukten (hier zusammenfassend als "Portalinstanzen" bezeichnet) sowie die verschiedenartigen Relationen zwischen diesen Portalinstanzen zusätzlich in relationalen Datenbanktabelle nabgelegt, die performante und beliebig komplex strukturierte Suchabfragen gestatten.
We present the conceptual foundations and basic features of fLexiCoGraph, a generic software package for creating and presenting curated human-oriented lexicographical resources that are roughly modeled according to Měchura’s (2016) idea of graph-augmented trees. The system is currently under development and will be made accessible as open source software. As a sample use case we discuss an existing online database of loanwords borrowed from German into other languages which is based on a growing number of language-specific loanword dictionaries (Lehnwortportal Deutsch). The paper outlines the conceptual foundations of fLexiCoGraph’s hybrid graph/XML data model. To establish a database, XML-based resources may be imported or even input manually. An additional graph database layer is then constructed from these XML source documents in a freely configurable, but automated way; subsequently, the resulting graph can be manipulated and enlarged through a visual user interface in such a way that keeps the relationship to the source document information explicit at all times. We sketch the tooling support for different kinds of graph-level editing processes, including mechanisms for dealing with updated XML source documents and coping with duplicate or inconsistent information, and briefly discuss the browser interface for end users.
In this paper, we address issues of inconsistencies of dictionary information and how different corpus methods and computer tools can assist in providing systematic cross-referencing. The question is raised how hyperlinking in an electronic reference work can be approached systematically in order to warrant consistent symmetrical links between synonyms or antonyms. Firstly, it is argued that working with a comprehensive corpus does not account for consistent cross-referencing. It is shown that a top-down corpus-driven linguistic analysis also does not guarantee the lexicographic documentation of binary lexico-semantic relations covered by corpus data, as proposed by Paradis/Willners (2006a, b). Secondly, with the help of dictionary examples taken from elexiko (an online dictionary of contemporary German) we demonstrate how a combination of both corpus-driven and corpus-based procedures enables lexicographers to systematically exploit corpus material in more depth than by using only one of these methods. It is also discussed where and why lexicographers are still prone to inconsistencies in the editing processes, irrespective of their underlying corpus methodologies. Finally, we introduce a cross-reference management tool that has been developed for elexiko and we explain its technological prerequisites and implications. This software supports lexicographers in detecting existing and missing references from and to a specific headword. It also offers options to automatically and comfortably correct discrepancies. Overall, we suggest a method that includes linguistic competence, complementary corpus approaches and additional software in order to ensure that links or references between synonymic and antonymic pairings are given in both directions.
This paper presents the Lehnwortportal Deutsch, a new, freely accessible publication platform for resources on German lexical borrowings in other languages, to be launched in the second half of 2022. The system will host digital-native sources as well as existing, digitized paper dictionaries on loanwords, initially for some 15 recipient languages. All resources remain accessible as individual standalone dictionaries; in addition, data on words (etyma, loanwords etc.) together with their senses and relations to each other is represented as a cross-resource network in a graph database, with careful distinction between information present in the original sources and the curated portal network data resulting from matching and merging information on, e. g., lexical units appearing in multiple dictionaries. Special tooling is available for manually creating graphs from dictionary entries during digitization and for editing and augmenting the graph database. The user interface allows users to browse individual dictionaries, navigate through the underlying graph and ‘click together’ complex queries on borrowing constellations in the graph in an intuitive way. The web application will be available as open source.
This paper presents the Lehnwortportal Deutsch, a new, freely accessible publication platform for resources on German lexical borrowings in other languages, to be launched in the second half of 2022. The system will host digital-native sources as well as existing, digitized paper dictionaries on loanwords, initially for some 15 recipient languages. All resources remain accessible as individual standalone dictionaries; in addition, data on words (etyma, loanwords etc.) together with their senses and relations to each other is represented as a cross-resource network in a graph database, with careful distinction between information present in the original sources and the curated portal network data resulting from matching and merging information on, e. g., lexical units appearing in multiple dictionaries. Special tooling is available for manually creating graphs from dictionary entries during digitization and for editing and augmenting the graph database. The user interface allows users to browse individual dictionaries, navigate through the underlying graph and ‘click together’ complex queries on borrowing constellations in the graph in an intuitive way. The web application will be available as open source.
Am 12. Mai 1965 nahmen der Staat Israel und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland offiziell diplomatische Beziehungen auf. Damit kam über 15 Jahre nach der Konstitution der beiden Länder und 20 Jahre nach dem Ende der Shoah ein komplexer Prozess der langsamen politischen Annäherung zu einem keineswegs selbstverständlichen Abschluss. Das fünfzigjährige Jubiläum dieses Ereignisses im Jahr 2015 war weltweit, vor allem aber in Israel und Deutschland, Anlass für zahlreiche Veranstaltungen, über die eine offizielle bilaterale Webseite <www.de50il.org/> (Stand: 6.11.2017) Auskunft gibt. Im Rahmen des Jubiläums wurde am 30. September 2015 in einer feierlichen Abendveranstaltung im Jüdischen Museum Berlin offiziell das „Wörterbuch deutscher Lehnwörter im Hebräischen“ von Uriel Adiv in einer ersten Fassung im „Lehnwortportal Deutsch“ des IDS freigeschaltet. Eine von Koautor Jakob Mendel erheblich überarbeitete und verbesserte zweite Version ging im Mai 2017 online. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte einige Hintergründe zum deutschen Lehnwortschatz im modernen Hebräischen darstellen sowie die Entstehungsgeschichte des Werks und seinen Platz in der lehnwortlexikografischen Publikationsplattform „Lehnwortportal Deutsch“ <http://lwp.ids-mannheim.de/> (Stand: 6.11.2017) beleuchten.