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Interested in formally modelling similarity between narratives, we investigate judgements of similarity between narratives in a small corpus of film reviews and book–film comparisons. A main finding is that judgements tend to concern multiple levels of story representation at once. As these texts are pragmatically related to reception contexts, we find many references to reception quality and optimality. We conclude that current formal models of narrative can not capture the task of naturalistic narrative comparisons given in the analysed reviews, but that the development of models containing a more reception-oriented point of view will be necessary.
The understanding of story variation, whether motivated by cultural currents or other factors, is important for applications of formal models of narrative such as story generation or story retrieval. We present the first stage of an experiment to elicit natural narrative variation data suitable for evaluation with respect to story similarity, to qualitative and quantitative analysis of story variation, and also for data processing. We also present few preliminary results from the first stage of the experiment, using Red Riding Hood and Romeo and Juliet as base texts.
FnhdC/HTML und FnhdC/S
(2007)
Accentuation, Uncertainty and Exhaustivity - Towards a Model of Pragmatic Focus Interpretation
(2010)
This paper presents a model of pragmatic focus interpretation that is assumed to be part of a complete language comprehension model and that is inspired by Levelt's language processing model. The model is derived from our empirical data on the role of accentuation, prosodic indicators of uncertainty and context for pragmatic focus interpretation. In its present state, the model is restricted to these data, but nevertheless generates predictions.
We continue the study of the reproducibility of Propp’s annotations from Bod et al. (2012). We present four experiments in which test subjects were taught Propp’s annotation system; we conclude that Propp’s system needs a significant amount of training, but that with sufficient time investment, it can be reliably trained for simple tales.
We compare the use of überhaupt and sowieso in Dutch and German. We use the world-wide web as the main resource and pursue a zigzag strategy, trying to find usages going back and forth between dictionaries, intuitions and real data obtained through web search. To our surprise, the results more or less confirm the decision of Dutch dictionaries to consider überhaupt and sowieso synonymous. In German, we find no synonymy, but only a great overlap of usage conditions in declarative sentences.
We present an experimental approach to determining natural dimensions of story comparison. The results show that untrained test subjects generally do not privilege structural information. When asked to justify sameness ratings, they may refer to content, but when asked to state differences, they mostly refer to style, concrete events, details and motifs. We conclude that adequate formal models of narratives must represent such non-structural data.
A formal narrative representation is a procedure assigning a formal description to a natural language narrative. One of the goals of the computational models of narrative community is to understand this procedure better in order to automatize it. A formal framework fit for automatization should allow for objective and reproducible representations. In this paper, we present empirical work focussing on objectivity and reproducibility of the formal framework by Vladimir Propp (1928). The experiments consider Propp’s formalization of Russian fairy tales and formalizations done by test subjects in the same formal framework; the data show that some features of Propp’s system such as the assignment of the characters to the dramatis personae and some of the functions are not easy to reproduce.
We present a technique called event mapping that allows to project text representations into event lists, produce an event table, and derive quantitative conclusions to compare the text representations. The main application of the technique is the case where two classes of text representations have been collected in two different settings (e.g., as annotations in two different formal frameworks) and we can compare the two classes with respect to their systematic differences in the event table. We illustrate how the technique works by applying it to data collected in two experiments (one using annotations in Vladimir Propp’s framework, the other using natural language summaries).
We present web services which implement a workflow for transcripts of spoken language following the TEI guidelines, in particular ISO 24624:2016 “Language resource management – Transcription of spoken language”. The web services are available at our website and will be available via the CLARIN infrastructure, including the Virtual Language Observatory and WebLicht.