Lexicographica : series maior
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163
Between January 2020 and July 2021, many new words and phrases contributed to the expansion of the German vocabulary to enable communication under the new conditions that evolved during the Covid-19 pandemic. Medical and epidemiological vocabulary was integrated into the general language to a large extent. Suddenly, some lexemes from general language were used with very high frequency, while other words were used less often than before. These processes of language change can be studied in various ways, for example, in corpus linguistics with respect to the frequency or emergence of certain words in certain types of texts (e.g. press releases vs. posts in social media), in critical discourse analysis with respect to certain participants of the discourse (e.g. vocabulary of Covid-19 pandemic deniers), or in conversation analysis (e.g. with respect to new verbal interactions in greetings and farewells). The rapid expansion of vocabulary has notably affected also lexicography as a discipline of applied linguistics.
This article will focus on the ways in which a German neologism dictionary project has chosen to capture and document lexicographic information in a timely manner. Both challenges and advantages arise from lexicographic practice “at the pulse of time”. The Neologismenwörterbuch is presented as an example that lends itself well to such a discussion because its subject (neologisms) is characterized as new, innovative, and constantly changing.
163
This volume of Lexicographica : Series Maior focuses on lexicographic neology and neological lexicography concerning COVID-19 neologisms, featuring papers originally presented at the third Globalex Workshop on Lexicography and Neology (GWLN 2021).
The thirteen papers in this volume focus on ten languages: one Altaic (Korean), one Finno-Ugric (Hungarian), two Germanic (English and German), four Romance (French, Italian, [Brazilian and European] Portuguese and [Pan-American and European] Spanish), and one Slavic (Croatian), as well as the Sign Language of New Zealand. Specialized dictionaries of neologisms are discussed as well as general language ones, monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexical resources, print and electronic dictionaries. Questions regarding terminology as well as general language and standard and norm regarding COVID-19 neologisms are raised and different methods of detecting candidates in media corpora, as well as by user contributions, are discussed.
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This volume brings together contributions by international experts reflecting on Covid19-related neologisms and their lexicographic processing and representation. The papers analyze new words, new meanings of existing words, and new multiword units, where they come from, how they are transmitted (or differ) across languages, and how their use and meaning are reflected in dictionaries of all sorts. Recent trends in as many as ten languages are considered, including general and specialized language, monolingual as well as bilingual and printed as well as online dictionaries.
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In this paper, the basic assumptions are presented against the background of the development of a corpus-based method to determine suitable headword candidates for the LeGeDe-prototype (LeGeDe= Lexik des gesprochenen Deutsch), a lexicographical resource on spoken German. In a first quantitatively oriented step, potential one-word headword candidates are identified with the help of frequency class comparisons from a corpus for spoken (FOLK) and a subset from a corpus for written German (DEREKO). Qualitative analyses based on a project-specifically defined sample of data from the FOLK corpus lead to multi-word headword candidates. The results of the qualitative analyses were also compared with the results of studies from the research literature as well as (quantitative-orientated) bi- and trigram analyses. In their multi-word form, these candidates are particularly characterized by the fact that they assume a very special interactional function in the (authentic) interaction and have to be described as a whole unit. The paper explains this combined procedure, which was extracted in the LeGeDe-project for the appointment of headword candidates.
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The main aim of this contribution is to present the range of lexicographic information from LeGeDe, an electronic prototype for lexical and interactional features of spoken German. The focus lies on the detailed description of the different lexicographical information classes using illustrative examples and figures from the resource. In addition to highlighting the lexicographic microstructure and providing an overview of the outer texts and the multimedia information offer, the contribution also presents detailed background data on the conception of the LeGeDe resource. Innovative aspects and possible applications are outlined and forward-looking desiderata are offered.
152
This survey describes the practice of dictionary criticism in German philological periodicals. It focuses on reviews of general dictionaries of contemporary German as well as of historical dictionaries of German. Our results show that only a few reference works are reviewed by only a small group of reviewers, and different volumes of dictionaries are not necessarily reviewed systematically. On the criteria for the selection of the reviewed dictionaries one can only speculate. All in all, this rather unsystematic review practice can be interpreted as a disregard of the work of lexicographers, as a neglect of the interests of potential dictionary users, and as a sad disinterest of philologists in lexicographic work.
151
Wiegand’s opus magnum „Wörterbuchforschung“ ends with a chapter on the state and the relevant taslcs for research into dictionary use in the middle of the 1990s. This article aims at reflecting the taste and the relevance of dictionary usage research 20 years later. I will argue that the fundamentally changed lexicographic landscape makes it necessary to shift the focus of research. In my view, the most important aim of research into dictionary use can no longer be limited to improving dictionaries. Research into dictionary use should also raise more awareness for user- orientation in general and should provide methodological reflection to enlighten the increasingly important usage statistics for online dictionaries. Another goal should be to look behind the scenes of collaborative dictionaries in order to provide background data to classify their relevance in relation to dictionaries elaborated by lexicographic experts. The crisis of lexicography makes it also necessary to broaden our view and concentrate on situations in which linguistic questions arise. In this context, we could examine in which of these situations the consultation of lexicographic data helps. In summary, the aim of research into dictionary use is to identify the fields where sound lexicographic work is really helpful for potential users.
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In this paper, we present the concept and the results of two studies addressing (potential) users of monolingual German online dictionaries, such as www.elexiko.de. Drawing on the example of elexiko, the aim of those studies was to collect empirical data on possible extensions of the content of monolingual online dictionaries, e.g. the search function, to evaluate how users comprehend the terminology of the user interface, to find out which types of information are expected to be included in each specific lexicographic module and to investigate general questions regarding the function and reception of examples illustrating the use of a word. The design and distribution of the surveys is comparable to the studies described in the chapters 5-8 of this volume. We also explain, how the data obtained in our studies were used for further improvement of the elexiko-dictionary.