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The paper reports on a dictionary of German loanwords in the languages of the South Pacific that is compiled at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim. The loanwords described in this dictionary mainly result from language contact between 1884 and 1914, when the German empire was in possession of large areas of the South Pacific where overall more than 700 indigenous languages were spoken. The dictionary is designed as an electronic XML-based resource from which an internet dictionary and a printed dictionary can be derived. Its printed version is intended as an ‘inverted loanword dictionary’, that is, a dictionary that – in contrast to the usual praxis in loanword lexicography – lemmatizes the words of a source language that have been borrowed by other languages. Each of the loanwords will be described with respect to its form and meaning and the contact situation in which it was borrowed. Among the outer texts of the dictionary are (i) a list of all sources with bibliographic and archival information, (ii) a commentary on each source, (iii) a short history of the language contact with German for each target language, and perhaps (iv) facsimiles of source texts.The dictionary is supposed to (i) help to reconstruct the history of language contact of the source language, (ii) provide evidence for the cultural contact between the populations speaking the source and the target languages, (iii) enable linguistic theories about the systematic changes of the semantic, morphosyntactic, or phonological lexical properties of the source language when its words are borrowed into genetically and typologically different languages, and (iv) establish a thoroughly described case for testing typological theories of borrowing.
There has been a long tradition of discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using foreign words in the German language. In the first part of this paper, an historical example of this discussion will be presented. It shows that at the end of the 18th century a highly differentiated approach to this question had been developed. The type of functional reasoning applied there could also be useful for the present discussion about the influence of English on the German language. A functional interpretation of the use of indigenous and foreign words respectively in a language like German unavoidably leads to the conclusion that the use of elements of foreign origin is an integral part of what it means to be a modem European language. Of course languages differ in the wavs in which they technically deal with this fact. To document the fact that the integration of the European tradition o f mutual cultural and linguistic contact is a characteristic feature of European languages, and that different languages deal with this in technically different ways, the second part o f this article compares a German non-fictional text with its counterparts in seven other European languages.
Das Benennungsspiel in der frühen Erwachsenen-Kind-Interaktion : eine Longitudinalstudie auf Deutsch
(2013)
Am Beispiel der "türkischen Powergirls", einer Mannheimer Gruppe von Mädchen und jungen Frauen, die noch in der Migrantengemeinschaft verwurzelt ist, sich aber auf dem Weg aus der Migrantenpopulation befindet, wird in diesem Band die Sprachkompetenz jugendlicher MigrantInnengruppen in Türkisch im grammatikalischen und lexikalischen Bereich untersucht. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in einen theoretischen und einen empirischen Teil. Zunächst folgt ein kurzer Einblick in die Einstellung türkischer Migranten zu Sprache, zum Spracherwerb und Spracherhalt der Herkunftssprache. Relevante Termini werden erläutert und die wichtigsten Studien zur Erstsprache türkischer Migrantenkinder in einem Literaturüberblick aufgeführt. Der empirische Teil stellt die Informantinnen und das Datenmaterial vor. Dem schließen sich die Analysen zum Türkisch in den Bereichen der Definitheit, des Numerus, der Fragepartikel und Pronomen, des Kasus, des Adjektiv- und Adverbiengebrauchs, der Partizipien sowie der Lexik an.