400 Sprache, Linguistik
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Changes of consciousness establish a status quo of consciousness. But which consciousness, that is, which definition (concept) of water accompanies everyday »unconscious« thought, communication, and behavior? Which, more or less, conscious concept of water shapes public discourse in the media and forms a starting point for political action? It is shown that the aspects of drinking, washing, and landscape constitute the core and that the aspect of costs is linked to utilization: however, the origins of the costs (purification, availability) are not considered. Furthermore, the social perspective (especially regarding the last fifty years in the FRG) is actually very one-sided and partially blind. Therefore, precisely this status quo must be acknowledged and considered if political measures are to be taken for the protection of water.
Dieser Band beschäftigt sich mit den politischen, fachlichen und medialen Umständen, die die Rechtschreibreform beeinflusst haben. Es werden Wirkungskreis und Rolle der Akteure im Prozess der Umsetzung, die Interaktion zwischen den Handlungsträgern bemessen. Die Annahme zu den aktuellen Entwicklungen in Bezug auf die deutsche Sprache lautet, dass die von Instanzen wie dem Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung für das amtliche Regelwerk aufgestellten Kriterien zur Regelung der Schreibpraxis nicht nur unter der Einflussnahme der in den fachlichen Diskursen geführten Tonlage standen, sondern von politisch-medialen Diskursen beeinflusst wurden. Die Arbeit führt zu einem aktuellen Verständnis über die Reform, da mit dem Reifegrad eines jeden Reformvorhabens eine Neubewertung zu einem neuen Verständnis führt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wechselbeziehungen, die die Bemühung um eine den aktuellen Sprachgebrauch abbildende Rechtschreibung geprägt haben, als Ergebnis der Diskurse auf politisch-medialer Ebene zu verstehen sind. Der Band richtet sich an Verlage, Sprachinteressierte, Reformgegner und Reformbefürworter der Rechtschreibreform.
In the NLP literature, adapting a parser to new text with properties different from the training data is commonly referred to as domain adaptation. In practice, however, the differences between texts from different sources often reflect a mixture of domain and genre properties, and it is by no means clear what impact each of those has on statistical parsing. In this paper, we investigate how differences between articles in a newspaper corpus relate to the concepts of genre and domain and how they influence parsing performance of a transition-based dependency parser. We do this by applying various similarity measures for data point selection and testing their adequacy for creating genre-aware parsing models.
Dictionary usage research is a topic of increasing importance within the field of lexicography. At the beginning of the new millennium, the dictionary user was still relatively unknown. However, in the last ten years, more and more user studies have been published. Consequently, methods, data and the conclusions which can be drawn were successively refined. Also, new possibilities of web-based data collection, e.g., the analysis of log files, enriched this field of research. This contribution aims to describe the state of the art in dictionary usage research in the digital era. I begin by providing a short overview of methodological and terminological basics and then place a special focus on three different methods of collecting empirical data on dictionary use: online questionnaires, eye tracking and the analysis of log-files. All these methods are illustrated on user studies conducted at the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim.
Das deutsche Wort Frühstück
(2018)