435 Deutsche Grammatik
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Der, die oder das Nutella
(2008)
The syntactic rules of today's High German are generally thought to have crystallized during the 18th century. One can therefore expect that during that time the processes of grammaticalization had a particular influence on doubtful cases in the usage of language. The syntactic development varied from region to region and was accompanied by theoretical controversies. One of the controversial issues was word order. The debates focused primarily on the order in verbal complexes and on the possibility of extraposing simple components and dependent clauses. This paper is based on the assumption that the theoretical controversies in some way reflected the doubtful cases in the usage of language. In order to identify the actual variants, the theoretical controversies will be outlined first. Then the analysis will focus on whether and how these variants were used in a corpus of 18th century texts. The objective is to determine the language-internal, sociological, and geographical factors of the variants' usage and thus to model the situations in which the doubtful cases ocurred. In conclusion, the following issues will be discussed: the relationship between the doubtful cases and diachronic language developments, the language-external factors of the doubtful cases, and the approach of language theorists to doubtful cases.
O presente trabalho discute a classificação dos substantivos e/ou sintagmas nominais em contáveis e não-contáveis no alemão e no português do Brasil. Propomos um modelo de estrutura, válido para ambas as línguas, em que a contabilidade é construída composicionalmente em nível do sintagma nominal, mediante três traços sintático-semânticos: [±individuado], [±incrementado] e [±delimitado]. O valor do primeiro traço é fixado pelo quantificador, o do segundo, pelo número e o do terceiro, pelo substantivo. Na língua alemã, os três traços contribuem para a constituição da contabilidade, sendo o terceiro o traço menos importante. No português brasileiro apenas os dois primeiros mostram-se produtivos, enquanto o terceiro é irrelevante. Isso corresponde a dizer que não se distinguem substantivos contáveis e não-contáveis no léxico do português brasileiro. Para ambos os idiomas, as propostas são ilustradas com exemplos autênticos de uso.
Der Aufsatz untersucht das syntaktische Verhalten nicht-satzförmiger Adverbialia im Deutschen und im brasilianischen Portugiesisch in vergleichender Perspektive. Behandelt werden Adverbialia aus sechs Klassen, deren semantische Funktionen von der Sachverhaltsbeschreibung bis zur Beschreibung von Handlungsabsichten des Sprechers reichen. Insgesamt zeigen sich große Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Vergleichssprachen. Im Deutschen scheint eine etwas stärkere Tendenz zu bestehen, Adverbialia syntaktisch zu integrieren, während es im Portugiesischen mehr Möglichkeiten gibt, sie desintegriert zu verwenden.
Die Verbativergänzung
(2014)
Von deutschen Satzbauplänen
(1974)