413 Wörterbücher
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Part of a Book (7)
- Article (5)
- Conference Proceeding (4)
- Book (2)
- Review (1)
Keywords
- Wörterbuch (10)
- computerunterstützte Lexikographie (8)
- Computerunterstützte Lexikographie (7)
- Deutsch (3)
- Fußball (3)
- Korpus <Linguistik> (3)
- Sportsprache (3)
- Benutzung (2)
- Politische Sprache (2)
- Datenspeicherung (1)
Publicationstate
Reviewstate
- Peer-Review (1)
- Verlagslektorat (1)
Publisher
This contribution deals with the representation of verbs with multiple meanings or senses in general monolingual dictionaries. Criteria for differentiating senses in dictionary entries have traditionally been formulated with respect to the vocabulary in general. This paper argues that, while some criteria do indeed apply to the entire lexicon, many of them are relevant only to specific semantic classes. This will be demonstrated considering two selected verb classes: speech-act verbs and perception verbs. Like verbs of other classes, speech-act verbs and perception verbs may be ambiguous in different but recurrent ways. Since recurrent patterns of ambiguity are always typical of particular semantic classes, class-specific semantic criteria are formulated to decide whether a particular ambiguous speech act or perception verb should be treated as being polysemous or homonymous in dictionary entries. In addition to these class-specific semantic criteria, the semantic-syntactic criterion of identity or difference of argument structure is suggested for the lexicographical representation of verbs which may not be considered to be polysemous or homonymous on the basis of semantic criteria alone. According to the suggested argument-structure criterion, these verbs should be treated as polysemous when their senses correlate with identical argument structures and as homonymous when their senses correlate with different argument structures properties. As opposed to the semantic criteria suggested, the semantic-syntactic criterion of identity vs. difference of argument structure applies to verbs of different semantic classes. However, as will be illustrated by the discussion of the different senses of smell, it may sometimes force us to treat different but related senses as corresponding to two distinct lexical items. In order to solve this problem, the criteria suggested are supplemented by a preference rule stating that semantic criteria apply prior to the semantic-syntactic criterion of identity vs. difference of argument structure...
Online dictionary use
(2012)
This article presents empirical findings about what criteria make for a good online dictionary, using data on expectations and demands collected in an online questionnaire (N~684), complemented by additional results from a second questionnaire (N-390) which looked more closely at whether respondents had differentiated views on individual aspects of the criteria rated in the first study. Our results show that the classical criteria of reference books (such as reliability and clarity) were rated highest by our participants, whereas the unique characteristics of online dictionaries (such as multimedia and adaptability) were rated and ranked as (partly) unimportant. To verify whether or not the poor ratings of these innovative features were a result of the fact that our subjects are unfamiliar with online dictionaries incorporating such features, we incorporated an experiment into the second study. Our results revealed a learning effect: participants in the learning-effect condition, i.e. respondents who were first presented with examples of possible innovative features of online dictionaries, judged adaptability and multimedia to be more useful than participants who were not given that information. Thus, our data point to the conclusion that developing innovative features is worthwhile but that it should be borne in mind that users can only be persuaded of their benefits gradually. In addition, we present data about questions relating to the design of online dictionaries.
In recent years, new developments in the area of lexicography have altered not only the management, processing and publishing of lexicographical data, but also created new types of products such as electronic dictionaries and thesauri. These expand th range of possible uses of lexical data and support users with more flexibility, for instance in assisting human translation. In this article, we give a short and easy-to-understand introduction to the problematic nature of the storage, display and interpretation of lexical data. We then describe the main methods and specifications used to build and represent lexical data.
Dieser Band vereinigt Beiträge aus zwei Arbeitstreffen des von der DFG geforderten wissenschaftlichen Netzwerks „Internetlexikografie“ (www.internetlexikografie.de) und setzt damit die Reihe der Arbeitsberichte des Netzwerks fort. Das zweite Arbeitstreffen des Netzwerks fand am 5. und 6. Dezember 2011 in Berlin (DE) statt und hatte „Vernetzungs- und Zugriffsstrukturen bei Internetworterbüchern zum Thema. Das folgende Arbeitstreffen wurde am 3. und 4. Mai 2012 in Bozen (IT) abgehalten und beschäftigte sich mit „Aspekten der automatischen Gewinnung von lexikografischen Angaben“. Der Band enthält die Ausarbeitungen ausgewählter Beiträge der beiden Treffen. Beim zweiten Arbeitstreffen mit dem Thema „Vernetzung und Zugriffsstrukturen“ wurden Fragen für die Internetlexikografie behandelt, die für den Bereich der Printlexikografie schon recht lange diskutiert wurden, durch die Möglichkeiten des neuen Mediums, die sich am besten mit dem Stichwort „Verlinkung“ charakterisieren lassen, aber eine ganz neue Dimension erhalten. Beim Berliner Arbeitstreffen wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Kodierung von Vernetzungen und ihre Onlineprasentation anhand von Beitragen zu theoretischen und praktischen Aspekten diskutiert, um zu zeigen, wie sie fur unterschiedliche Zugriffsstrukturen nutzbar gemacht werden können.
Unter dem Titel „Ihr Beitrag bitte! – Der Nutzerbeitrag im Wörterbuchprozess“ fand vom 18. bis 21. September 2012 ein Symposium im Rahmen des GAL-Kongresses 2012 „Wissen – Wörter – Wörterbücher“ in Erlangen statt, das sich in Vorträgen und einer Abschlussdiskussion mit der Frage beschäftigte, welchen Beitrag Wörterbuchbenutzer und –benutzerinnen für Internetwörterbücher leisten, leisten können bzw. leisten sollten. Die vorliegende Onlinepublikation enthält nun vier Beiträge des Erlanger Symposiums (von Karin Rautmann, Katrin Thier, Luca Melchior und Robert Lew), die einen guten Überblick über das Thema geben, indem sie ein breites Spektrum an Möglichkeiten für Nutzer, sich am Auf- und Ausbau lexikografischer Angebote im Internet zu beteiligen, aufzeigen. In der Einleitung erfolgt außerdem eine Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten in den Beiträgen, Vorträgen und Diskussionen angesprochenen Punkte.
This paper presents the Kicktionary, a multilingual (English — German - French) electronic lexical resource of the language of football. It explains how a corpus of football match reports was analysed according to the FrameNet and WordNet approaches and how the result of this analysis is presented to a dictionary user via a website
This paper presents the Kicktionary, a multilingual (English - German - French) electronic lexical resource of the language of football. In the Kicktionary, methods from corpus linguistics and two approaches to lexical semantics - the theory of frame semantics and the concept of semantic relations - are combined to construct a lexical resource in which the user can explore relationships between lexical units in various ways. This paper explains the theoretical background of the Kicktionary, sketches the data and methods which were used in its construction, and describes how the resulting resource is presented to users via a set of hyperlinked webpages.
This paper presents ongoing work on a multilingual (English, French, German) lexical resource of soccer language. The first part describes how lexicographic descriptions based on frame-semantic principles are derived from a partially aligned multilingual corpus of soccer match reports. The remainder of the paper then discusses how different types of ontological knowledge are linked to this resource in order to provide an access structure to the resulting dictionary. It is argued that linking lexical resources and ontologies in such a way provides novel ways to a dictionary user of navigating a domain vocabulary
In this paper, the authors describe a semi-automated approach to refine the dictionary-entry structure of the digital version of the Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache (WDG, en.: Dictionary of Present-day German), a dictionary compiled and published between 1952 and 1977 by the Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften that comprises six volumes with over 4,500 pages containing more than 120,000 headwords. We discuss the benefits of such a refinement in the context of the dictionary project Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS, en: Digital Dictionary of the German language). In the current phase of the DWDS project, we aim to integrate multiple dictionary and corpus resources in German language into a digital lexical system (DLS). In this context, we plan to expand the current DWDS interface with several special purpose components, which are adaptive in the sense that they offer specialized data views and search mechanisms for different dictionary functions-e.g. text comprehension, text production-and different user groups-e.g. journalists, translators, linguistic researchers, computational linguists. One prerequisite for generating such data views is the selective access to the lexical items in the article structure of the dictionaries which are the object of study. For this purpose, the representation of the eWDG has to be refined. The focus of this paper is on the semiautomated approach used to transform eWDG into a refined version in which the main structural units can be explicitly accessed. We will show how this refinement opens new and flexible ways of visualizing and querying the lexicographic content of the refined version in the context of the DLS project.
Textual structures in printed dictionaries are well known, adequately researched, and rather exhaustively described (cf. articles 3&10). This article investigates whether or not the models of textual structures in printed dictionaries can be applied to electronic dictionaries (EDs); or, more precisely, which parts of the order and terminology of textual structures in printed dictionaries are applicable to electronic ones and of which differences should one be aware. The focus will be on online dictionaries because they represent the most important kind of digital dictionary, and will become even more important in future. Furthermore, the emphasis will be more on potential future forms of online dictionaries than on current ones which are still sometimes produced as copies of their printed counterparts. To approach this question, basic differences between textual structures in electronic versus printed dictionaries will firstly be discussed. Secondly, further terminological and formal preliminary remarks will be made. The main part of the article will then follow to adapt de Schryver’s idea of “Creating order in dreamland” expressed in his article “Lexicographer’s dreams in the electronic dictionary age”. The aim here is to begin ‘create order in terminology land’ for textual structures in electronic dictionaries. A definitive order cannot be given here because electronic lexicography today involves constant change. In order to discuss the order of textual structures in EDs, not only theoretically, but also in concrete terms, their basic properties will be illustrated by means of a notional online dictionary. Following on from this fictitious scenario, a provisional survey of textual structures in EDs will be presented. Thereby, the focus is less on current online dictionaries than on the possibilities which the new medium provides. Finally, an explanation will be given as to how this view of structures in electronic dictionaries is useful for analyzing current EDs and for planning new ones. The overall aim here is not to introduce new kinds of textual structure in EDs and a corresponding terminology in detail, but to point out some constitutive differences between textual structures in printed dictionaries and those in electronic dictionaries.
Dictionary portals
(2013)